“…Metal oxide semiconductors have important practical significance in gas sensing, mainly because of good chemical reliability, real-time monitoring, and easy fabrication (Zhou et al, 2018b;Wei et al, 2019b). The basis of functional materials, including ZnO (Wang et al, 2019;Yoo et al, 2019), TiO 2 (Crişan et al, 2018;Meng et al, 2019), In 2 O 3 (Liu et al, 2018;Inyawilert et al, 2019), SnO 2 (Zhang et al, 2018;Zhou et al, 2018c;Li et al, 2019a), have been applied in gas sensing in the past for a long time. Among them, SnO 2 is one of the earliest metal oxides, due to its wide band gap, excellent physicochemical properties, and low-price for gas sensing (Uddin and Chung, 2015;Thanihaichelvan et al, 2019).…”