Iron deposition in the gray matter in patients with relapse-remitting multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal study using three-dimensional (3D)-enhanced T2*-weighted angiography (ESWAN)

Thalamic Iron Differentiates Primary-Progressive and Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

“…This result is consistent with findings in several previous MR R2* relaxometry studies showing lower thalamic iron in MS compared with HC. 6,7 On the contrary, other MR imaging studies with R2*, QSM, magnetic field correlation imaging, or phase imaging showed no significant difference 1,36 or even higher iron concentration in the thalamus in patients with RRMS. 2,8,37,38 The cause of these contradictory findings is not clear.…”

Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of CD8+ T cells shows a distinct epigenetic signature to CD4+ T cells in multiple sclerosis patients

“…FTL is a component of ferritin, and defects in this subunit are associated with other neurodegenerative diseases where mutations result in accumulation of iron in the brain [ 9 ]. Relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients have increased iron deposits in their grey matter as compared to healthy controls; thus, misregulation of FTL could be important in disease pathology [ 10 , 11 ]. Mutations in DCAF4 are associated with leucocyte telomere length, and there is evidence that shortened telomere length in leucocytes is associated with other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson and Alzheimer’s disease [ 12 – 14 ].…”

Gadopentetate but not gadobutrol accumulates in the dentate nucleus of multiple sclerosis patients

“…In the context of Gd accumulation in brain tissue, MS patients have been excluded from almost all previous studies due to the hypothesis that DN T1 hyperintensity and MS disease severity and duration are positively correlated. [19][20][21] We therefore evaluated if repeated administrations of the linear GBCA Gd-DTPA (gadopentetate dimeglumine, Magnevist ® ) and the macrocyclic GBCA Gd-BT-DO3A (gadobutrol, Gadovist ® ) are associated with increased signal intensity in the DN of MS patients on unenhanced T1w MRI. Our data show that the administration of Gd-DTPA is associated with a significant signal increase in a linear fashion.…”

“…It has been suggested that DN hyperintensity in MS patients is caused by disease-associated neurodegeneration of cerebral and cerebellar grey matter, as well as iron deposition. 21,34,35 However, an association with the number of previous GBCA administrations was not examined. A case report by Absinta et al 20 who reported an MS patient with marked bilateral DN T1 hyperintensity who showed only mild disease symptoms but had probably received a large number of contrast-enhanced MRI examinations before points to a different explanation.…”