Iron deficiency enhances cholesterol gallstone formation

Johnston, Sean; Murray, Kevin P.; Martin, Scot A.; Fox-Talbot, Karen; Lipsett, Pamela A.; Lillemoe, Keith D.; Pitt, Henry A.

doi:10.1016/s0039-6060(97)90027-1

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Cyp7a1, a key factor in cholesterol and lipid metabolism that is also a heme protein (23), exhibits reduced activity under iron-deficient conditions in prairie dogs (14). In our DNA microarray data, gene expression for Cyp51 and Cyp7a1 were upregulated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Dietary iron-deficient anemia induces a variety of metabolic changes and even apoptosis in rat liver: a DNA microarray study

Kamei

Watanabe

Ishijima

et al. 2010

Physiological Genomics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Dietary iron-deficient anemia induces a variety of metabolic changes and even apoptosis in rat liver: a DNA microarray study

Kamei

Watanabe

Ishijima

et al. 2010

Physiological Genomics

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“…Iron deficiency has been shown to alter the activity of several hepatic enzymes, leading to increased gall bladder cholesterol saturation and promotion of cholesterol crystal formation [5,6]. Iron acts as a coenzyme for nitric oxide synthetase (NOS), which synthesizes nitric oxide (NO) important for the maintenance of gall bladder tone and normal relaxation [7,8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Study Serum Iron Levels in Patients of Gall Bladder Stone Disease and to Compare with Healthy Individuals

2012

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Gallstone disease is a common gastrointestinal problem in day-to-day practice. The Old concept that a typical gallstone sufferer is fat, fertile, flatulent female of 50. This is partially true as the disease has been found in women soon after their first delivery who are thin and underweight and in males also. Conditions that favor the formation of cholesterol gallstones are super saturation of bile with cholesterol, kinetically favorable nucleation and presence of cholesterol crystals in the gall bladder long enough to agglomerate into a stone. Recent studies have defined the role of trace elements (Fe, Ca, Zn and Cu) and defective pH in the formation of gallstones. The aim of the study was to correlate iron-deficiency anemia with gallstone disease. To estimate the serum ferritin level as a diagnostic tool of iron deficiency anemia in patients with gallstone disease, this prospective study of 100 patients was conducted over a period of 24 months in the Department of General Surgery, Jaipur Golden Hospital, New Delhi, India. Serum cholesterol, iron and ferritin levels were compared in patients having gallstones and healthy individuals. A low serum iron level is a factor in bile super saturation with respect to cholesterol, leading to gallstone formation.

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“…Iron deficiency has been shown to alter the activity of several hepatic enzymes leading to increased gallbladder cholesterol saturation and promotion of cholesterol crystal formation. 5,6 Iron acts as a coenzyme for Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS), which synthesises Nitric Oxide (NO) important for the maintenance of gallbladder tone and normal relaxation. 7,8 Alteration of motility of the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi leading to biliary stasis results in cholesterol crystals formation, which has been reported with iron deficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Biliary Cholesterol Levels in Iron-Deficient Patients Operated for Gallstone Disease

Kannan¹,

Ramalakshmi²,

Reddy³

et al. 2017

jebmh

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BACKGROUND Gallstone disease is a common gastrointestinal problem in day-today practice. The old concept that a typical gallstone sufferer is fat, fertile, flatulent female of 50. This is partially true as the disease has been found in women soon after their first delivery who are thin and underweight and in males also. Conditions that favour the formation of cholesterol gallstones are super saturation of bile with cholesterol, kinetically favourable nucleation and presence of cholesterol crystals in the gallbladder long enough to agglomerate into a stone. Recent studies have defined the role of trace elements (Fe, Ca, Zn and Cu) and defective pH in the formation of gallstones. The aim of the study is to determine the association of iron deficiency in super saturation of bile. This cross-sectional study of 50 patients was conducted over a period of 12 months in the Department of General Surgery, Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, India. Biliary cholesterol and serum cholesterol were compared in iron deficient and non-iron deficient patients having gallstones. A low serum iron level is a factor in bile super saturation with respect to cholesterol leading to gallstone formation.

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Iron deficiency enhances cholesterol gallstone formation

Cited by 44 publications

References 14 publications

Dietary iron-deficient anemia induces a variety of metabolic changes and even apoptosis in rat liver: a DNA microarray study

Dietary iron-deficient anemia induces a variety of metabolic changes and even apoptosis in rat liver: a DNA microarray study

To Study Serum Iron Levels in Patients of Gall Bladder Stone Disease and to Compare with Healthy Individuals

Analysis of Biliary Cholesterol Levels in Iron-Deficient Patients Operated for Gallstone Disease

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