Iron-deficiency anemia as a risk factor for pneumonia in children

Rashad, Mohamed M.; Fayed, Sahar; El-Hag, Aly Mona K

doi:10.4103/1110-208x.180321

Cited by 13 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…The same findings were presented in the study of Rashad, Mohamed M. et al who also reported that fever was also constantly associated with LRTI. 9 Some of the studies stated, that indrawing of intercostal space is associated with severity of the disease, 76.8% of cases in the study had intercostal space indrawing. Pain in the chest and History of repeated attacks are also significant findings in our study and also reported by Mahajan V et al in his study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical study of lower respiratory tract infections in children attending a tertiary care hospital

Munagala¹,

Mahesh²,

Kandati³

et al. 2017

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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Background: WHO estimated burden of respiratory tract infections in 2010, estimates four and half million deaths due to respiratory tract infections among children every year. In India, 1.2 million deaths have been reported among children due to RTI among 5.9 million deaths globally. Lower respiratory tract infections are most common causes of death than upper respiratory tract infections. Pneumonia and Bronchiolitis are most common types of LRTI in children. Pneumonia accounts for most of the deaths in children < 5 years of age. The present study was undertaken with an objective to know the various types of lower respiratory tract infections in children less than 12 years of age. The study also aims to know the various bacterial agents causing respiratory tract infections with their antibiotic susceptibility.Methods: Hospital based, prospective cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of one year and 375 children were enrolled. Demographic, clinical history and examination was done and signs and symptoms noted. All necessary investigations were performed and followed regularly for management and outcome.Results: Incidence of LRTI in the study was 9.76% with male preponderance (65.33%) and most common among children in 1-4 years age group. Ratio of males to females was 1.9:1. 73.6% of cases were in low socio-economic group, 35.2% were found with PEM-I grade and 18.13% had no immunization coverage. Cough and breathlessness were the major symptoms and respiratory distress and clubbing were major signs in the study. Bronchopneumonia was the commonest cause (38.7%) followed by bronchiolitis and Allergic bronchitis. 18.45 of cases had anemia and Leucocytosis was also present. Pulmonary infiltration was the major finding in the X-ray of chest. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the common bacterial pathogens isolated.Conclusions: To conclude, our study clearly highlighted the various types of clinical presentations, risk factors and different types of LRTI in children <12 years of age. Understanding a clear knowledge of the etiology and bacterial pathogens clearly provides guidance for the physician in management and clinical outcome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical study of lower respiratory tract infections in children attending a tertiary care hospital

Munagala¹,

Mahesh²,

Kandati³

et al. 2017

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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“…Furthermore, patients with iron deficiency anemia are about four times more susceptible to contracting pneumonia than non-anemic individuals. However, the mechanism underlying this is yet to be experimentally determined [10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of the pneumococcal vncRS operon by lactoferrin is essential for pneumonia

et al. 2018

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Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), the major pathogen for pneumonia, commonly colonizes the lung, but the mechanism underlying the coordination of virulence factors during invasion via the host protein remains poorly understood. Bacterial lysis releases the components of the cell wall, and triggers innate immunity and the subsequent secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Previously, the virulence of the pep27 mutant was shown to be attenuated as a feasible candidate for vaccine development. However, the role of pep27 gene, belonging to the vancomycin-resistance locus (vncRS operon), in virulence, is largely unknown. This study demonstrates that transferrin in the host serum reduces the survival of the host during S. pneumoniae infections in mice. The exposure of the pneumococcal D39 strain to lactoferrin induced the vncRS operon, lysis, and subsequent in vivo cytokine production, resulting in lung inflammation. However, these responses were significantly attenuated in pneumococci harboring a mutation in pep27. Mechanistically, the VncS ligand, identified as lactoferrin, induced the vncRS operon and increased the in vivo mortality rates. Thus, serum-induced activation of vncRS plays an essential role in inducing pneumonia.

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“…It is known that anemia has negative impact on development of pneumonia and more severe disease is the reason [23]. The risk of development of pneumonia in children with anemia increases approximately by four times in comparison with children who have no anemic syndrome [24]. Anemia and low oxygen saturation of hemoglobin promote reduction of oxygen delivery to tissues.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prognostication of development of respiratory tract bacterial diseases for children of early age

2019

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A -research concept and design; B -collection and/or assembly of data; C -data analysis and interpretation; D -writing the article; E -critical revision of the article; F -final approval of the article The purpose of this study was definition of influence of the modified factors in development of acute pneumonia in children of early age and development of the method of prognostication of disease development.Materials and methods. 89 children of early age with acute bronchopulmonary pathology whose average age was 1.3 ± 0.2 years (47 children with acute bacterial bronchits and 42 children with acute community-acquired pneumonia) were examined. Also we tested the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), hBPI, cathelicidin LL-37, lactoferrin in blood serum with the help of immunoenzymometric analysis. The significant factors that are most associated with the development of acute pneumonia were revealed using factor analysis. For prognostication of probability of development of an acute pneumonia the equation of logistic regression was used. Determination of quality of the received model of prognostication was conducted by means of the ROC analysis and index of AUC. For assessment of the discriminating ability of model the Gini index was calculated.Results. By results of conducted factor analysis 5 significant factors determining the main part of predictors of development of an acute pneumonia in children of early age, patients with acute inflammatory bronchopulmonary pathology were allocated. The conducted correlation analysis of variables revealed existence of interrelations between prenatal, anamnestic and immune factors which entered further mathematical model of probability of development of an acute pneumonia in children of early age. The statistical importance of the created model was confirmed by Omnibus Test, the diagnostic information content was estimated according to a ROC curve that confirmed high quality of model. Conclusion.On the basis of the conducted factor analysis the most priority predictors of development of an acute pneumonia in children of early age with acute bronchopulmonary pathology who were further included to the mathematical prognostic model of probability of development of the specified disease were allocated.Прогнозування розвитку бактеріальних захворювань органів дихання в дітей раннього віку Г. О. Леженко, А. В. Абрамов, Г. В. Крайня Мета роботи -визначення впливу модифікованих факторів у розвитку гострої пневмонії в дітей раннього віку та розроблення методу прогнозування розвитку захворювання.Матеріали та методи. Обстежили 89 дітей раннього віку з гострою бронхолегеневою патологією, середній вік яких становив 1,3 ± 0,2 року (47 дітей, які хворі на гострий бактеріальний бронхіт, і 42 дітей, які хворі на гостру позалікарняну пневмонію). За допомогою імуноферментного аналізу досліджували вміст у сироватці крові 25-гідроксивітаміну Д (25(ОН) D), hBPI, кателіцидину LL-37, лактоферину. За допомогою факторного аналізу виявили значущі фактори, що найбільше пов'язані з розвитком гострої пнев...

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Iron-deficiency anemia as a risk factor for pneumonia in children

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

Clinical study of lower respiratory tract infections in children attending a tertiary care hospital

Clinical study of lower respiratory tract infections in children attending a tertiary care hospital

Induction of the pneumococcal vncRS operon by lactoferrin is essential for pneumonia

The prognostication of development of respiratory tract bacterial diseases for children of early age

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