Iron deficiency anemia and infant developmental test performance

Lozoff, Betsy; Wolf, Alexandra; Klein, Nancy; Jiménez, Elías

doi:10.1016/s0163-6383(86)80235-1

Cited by 154 publications

(293 citation statements)

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“…Iron supplementation in infants has shown positive effects on iron deficiency (ID), anemia and cognitive development (Lozoff et al, 1987). Zinc supplementation is associated with improvement of growth (Brown et al, 2002) and has beneficial effects on diarrhea and pneumonia morbidity (Bhutta et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of combined iron and zinc supplementation on micronutrient status and growth in Vietnamese infants

et al. 2005

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Objective: To evaluate the effect of combined iron-zinc supplementation on micronutrient status, growth and morbidity. Design: Randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled supplementation trial. Setting: Rural district of Que Vo, in the Red River Delta in Vietnam. Subjects: A total of 915 breast-fed infants aged 4-7 months were included and 784 completed the study. Interventions: The Fe-group received daily and for a 6-month period 10 mg of iron, the Zn-group 10 mg zinc, the Fe-Zn group 10 mg iron þ 10 mg zinc and the placebo group a placebo. Hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF) and zinc (SZn), and anthropometry were measured before and at the end of the intervention. Morbidity was recorded daily. Results: Changes of Hb and SF were higher in both Fe and Fe þ Zn groups (respectively 22.6 and 20.6 g/l for Hb; 36.0 and 24.8 mg/l for SF) compared to Zn and placebo groups (Hb: 6.4 and 9.8 g/l; SF: À18.2 and À16.9 mg/l, Po0.0001). SZn increased more in Zn group (10.3 mmol/l) than in Fe þ Zn group (8.0 mmol/l, P ¼ 0.03) and more in these groups compared to Fe and placebo groups (1.6 and 1.2 mmol/l, Po0.0001). Weight gain was higher in the Zn group. No significant effects of supplementations on growth in length or morbidity. Conclusions: Combined iron-zinc supplementation had a positive effect on iron and zinc status in infants. However, the positive effect of zinc alone on SZn and weight would indicate a negative interaction of iron when added to zinc supplements. Sponsorship: UNICEF New York.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of combined iron and zinc supplementation on micronutrient status and growth in Vietnamese infants

et al. 2005

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“…In infants and young children, iron deficiency anaemia seems to impair mental and psychomotor development (Idjradinata & Pollitt, 1993;Lozoff et al, 1987), even irreversibly to some extent (Lozoff et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron status at 12 months of age — effects of body size, growth and diet in a population with high birth weight

et al. 2003

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Objective: To investigate effects of growth and food intake in infancy on iron status at the age of 12 months in a population with high birth weight and high frequency of breast-feeding. Design: In a longitudinal observational study infants' consumption and growth were recorded. Weighed 2 day food records at the ages of 6, 9 and 12 months were used to analyse food and nutrient intake. Setting: Healthy-born participants were recruited from four maternity wards. Blood samples and growth data were collected from healthcare centres and food consumption data at home. Subjects: Newborn infants (n ¼ 180) were selected randomly according to the mother's domicile and 77% (n ¼ 138) participated, of them, 83% (n ¼ 114), or 63% of original sample, came in for blood sampling. Results: Every fifth child was iron-deficient (serum ferritin < 12 mg=l and mean corpuscular volume < 74 fl) and 2.7% were also anaemic (Hb < 105 g=l). Higher weight gain from 0 to 12 months was seen in infants who were iron-deficient at 12 months (6.7 AE 0.9 kg) than in non-iron-deficient infants (6.2 AE 0.9 kg) (P ¼ 0.050). Serum transferrin receptors at 12 months were positively associated with length gain from 0 to 12 months (adjusted r 2 ¼ 0.14; P ¼ 0.045) and mean corpuscular volume negatively to ponderal index at birth (adjusted r 2 ¼ 0.14; P ¼ 0.019) and 12 months (adjusted r 2 ¼ 0.17; P ¼ 0.006). Irondeficient infants had shorter breast-feeding duration (5.3 AE 2.2 months) than non-iron-deficient (7.9 AE 3.2 months; P ¼ 0.001). Iron status indices were negatively associated with cow's milk consumption at 9 -12 months, significant above 460 g=day, but were positively associated with iron-fortified breakfast cereals, fish and meat consumption. Conclusions: In a population of high birth weight, iron deficiency at 12 months is associated with faster growth and shorter breast-feeding duration from 0 to 12 months of age. The results suggest that a diet of 9 -12-month-olds should avoid cow's milk above 500 g=day and include fish, meat and iron-fortified breakfast cereals to improve iron status.

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“…For example, Idjradinata and Pollitt (1993) observed the reversal of developmental delays in IDA toddlers supplemented with iron. Others indicate that this was not the case in those subjects for whom the iron de®ciency was not fully corrected by the supplemental iron (Lozoff et al, 1987(Lozoff et al, , 1996Walter et al, 1989). Apart from issues related to research design, the lack of consistency in these ®ndings may be attributed to the variability in the nutritional andaor health status of subjects across studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an energy and micronutrient supplement on iron deficiency anemia, physical activity and motor and mental development in undernourished children in Indonesia

Harahap¹,

Jahari²,

Husaini³

et al. 2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objectives: This paper reports the effects of an energy and micronutrient supplementation on mental and motor development, activity and behavior under natural conditions of children classi®ed as iron de®cient anemic and iron replete. Design: Children were randomly assigned to two different nutritional supplements: (1) 12 mg iron either 1171 or 209 kJ; (2) 104 kJ 0 iron. Treatment lasted for 6 months. Setting: The sites were six tea plantations in Pangalengan, West Java. Subjects: Eighteen anemic subjects (hemoglobin`110 gaL; transferrin saturation (TS)`16%) and 18 matched (sex and age) controls (hemoglobin b 110 gaL; TS b 16%) were selected from a pool of children with the following characteristics: no chronic disease; length-for-age 7 1 standard deviation (s.d.) and weight-forlength between 71 and 72 s.d. of the median of the reference of the World Health Organization. Methods: Hemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin saturation and erythrocyte protoporphyrin were evaluated before and 6 months after treatment. The following psychological measurements were obtained at baseline and 2, 4 and 6 months later. Mental and motor development was evaluated with the Bayley Scale. Motor activity was measured by 4 h continuous observations at home and at day care centers. The interactions between the child and its social and physical environment were also evaluated during 4 h of observations. Results: Anemic children showed faster motor development and greater physical activity than the control children did. None of the other tests showed inter-group differences.

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Iron deficiency anemia and infant developmental test performance

Cited by 154 publications

References 0 publications

Efficacy of combined iron and zinc supplementation on micronutrient status and growth in Vietnamese infants

Efficacy of combined iron and zinc supplementation on micronutrient status and growth in Vietnamese infants

Iron status at 12 months of age — effects of body size, growth and diet in a population with high birth weight

Effects of an energy and micronutrient supplement on iron deficiency anemia, physical activity and motor and mental development in undernourished children in Indonesia

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