Iron deficiency and anemia are associated with low retinol levels in children aged 1 to 5 years

Saraiva, Bárbara C.A.; Soares, Michele C.C.; Santos, Luana Caroline dos; Pereira, Simone Cardoso Lisboa; Horta, Paula Martins

doi:10.1016/j.jped.2014.03.003

Cited by 46 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A previous MAL-ED multi-country pooled analysis also showed that the detection of pathogens and illness were inversely related to hemoglobin concentration [37]. Epidemiological studies also observed a positive association between vitamin A deficiency and anemia [38]. It can be explained through experimental studies that vitamin A deficiency is associated with increased hepcidin expression which directly acts on hepatic mobilization of iron stores essential for erythropoiesis [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Why Do Children in Slums Suffer from Anemia, Iron, Zinc, and Vitamin A Deficiency? Results from a Birth Cohort Study in Dhaka

et al. 2019

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Considering the high burden of micronutrient deficiencies in Bangladeshi children, this analysis aimed to identify the factors associated with micronutrient deficiencies and association of plasma micronutrient concentration trajectories from 7 to 24 months with the concentrations at 60 months of age. Plasma samples were collected at 7, 15, 24, and 60 months of age, and hemoglobin, ferritin, zinc, and retinol concentrations of 155, 153, 154, and 155 children were measured, respectively. A generalized estimating equation was used to identify the factors associated with micronutrient deficiencies, while latent class growth modeling identified the trajectories of plasma micronutrients from 7 to 24 months and its association with the concentrations of micronutrients at 60 months was examined using multiple linear regression modeling. Early (AOR = 2.21, p < 0.05) and late convalescence (AOR = 1.65, p < 0.05) stage of an infection, low ferritin (AOR = 3.04, p < 0.05), and low retinol (AOR = 2.07, p < 0.05) were associated with increased anemia prevalence. Wasting at enrollment was associated with zinc deficiency (AOR = 1.8, p < 0.05) and birth weight was associated with ferritin deficiency (AOR = 0.58, p < 0.05). Treatment of drinking water was found protective against vitamin A deficiency (AOR = 0.57, p < 0.05). Higher trajectories for ferritin and retinol during 7-24 months were positively associated with plasma ferritin (β = 13.72, p < 0.05) and plasma retinol (β = 3.99, p < 0.05) at 60 months.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Why Do Children in Slums Suffer from Anemia, Iron, Zinc, and Vitamin A Deficiency? Results from a Birth Cohort Study in Dhaka

et al. 2019

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“…Tanzania [35], Benin and Mali [36], Haiti [37], Bangladesh [38], Indonesia [17], and Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil [39]. In contrary to this, it is higher than studies conducted in Acrelandia, Western Brazilian Amazonia [19], and Vitoria, Brazilian [40]. The plausible reasons for disparities in anemia prevalence between the present study and aforementioned studies might be related to the seasonal and geographic variability of risk factors, and differences in socioeconomic status of the populations in which the studies were conducted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anemia severity among children aged 6–59 months in Gondar town, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

et al. 2018

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BackgroundAnemia is a public health problem affecting both developed and developing countries. Childhood anemia is associated with serious consequences including growth retardation, impaired motor and cognitive development, and increased morbidity and mortality. Hence, this study aimed at assessing the prevalence and factors associated with severity of anemia among children aged 6–59 months in Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia.MethodA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select study participants. Socio demographic and socioeconomic data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were taken as per WHO recommendation. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was measured using a portable HemoCue301 instrument (A Quest Diagnostic Company, Sweden). Mild anemia corresponds to a level of adjusted Hb of 10.0–10.9 g/dl; moderate anemia corresponds to a level of 7.0–9.9 g/dl, while severe anemia corresponds to a level less than 7.0 g/dl. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the study participants. Both bivariable and multivariable ordinal logistic regression were done, and proportional odds ratio (POR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported to show the strength of association. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultOut of the total of 707 children included in this study, more than half (53.5%) of them were male. The median age of children was 30 months. Two hundred two (28.6%) of children were anemic: 124(17.5%) were mildly anemic, 73(10.3%) were moderately anemic, and 5 (0.7%) were severely anemic. The young age of the child, low frequency of child complementary feeding per day, primary maternal educational status, unmarried maternal marital status, and home delivery were factors associated with severity of childhood anemia.ConclusionAnemia among children aged 6–59 months in Gondar Town was a moderate public health problem. Improving access to education, providing regular health education about childcare and child feeding practices, strengthening the socioeconomic support for single-parent families and conducting regular community-based screening are recommended to reduce childhood anemia.

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“…Infant anemia can lead to lack of oxygen in organs and tissues, thus increasing the risk of infectious diseases 4 , mortality, and other morbidities 5, 6 including impaired cognitive 7, 8 and physical development 9 which may be irreversible, even after correction of anemia 10, 11 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Hemoglobin Concentration during Gestation and Risk of Anemia in Infancy: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Zhang

Jin

Liu

et al. 2016

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Objective To examine the relationship between maternal hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and the risk of anemia in infancy. Study design This analysis included 17,193 women who entered the trial when they were 20 years of age or older, no more than 20 weeks of gestation, had mild or no anemia, and delivered singleton live births. Maternal Hb concentrations were measured in the first trimester and during 24-28 weeks of gestation; infant Hb concentrations were measured at 5-7 months and 11-13 months of life. The associations between maternal Hb concentrations and infant Hb concentrations were examined. Results Maternal Hb concentrations measured during 24-28 weeks of gestation, but not in the first trimester, were correlated with infant Hb concentrations measured at either of the two post-partum periods. The risk of infant anemia at 5-7 months increased when maternal Hb concentration was ≤109 g/L during 24-28 weeks of gestation ([AOR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.59-2.40] and 11-13 months [AOR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.36-2.18]); whereas the risk of anemia during 5-7 months as well as 11-13 months in infancy decreased when maternal Hb level at 24-28 weeks of gestation was 120-129 g/L (AOR for 5-7 months: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.64-0.85; AOR for 11-13 months: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.61-0.85) or ≥130 g/L (AOR for 5-7 months: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.63-0.90; AOR for 11-13 months: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.73-1.08). Conclusion Low maternal Hb concentration during 24-28 weeks of gestation was associated with an increased risk of anemia in infancy, whereas high maternal Hb concentration was associated with a reduced risk of anemia.

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Iron deficiency and anemia are associated with low retinol levels in children aged 1 to 5 years

Cited by 46 publications

References 16 publications

Why Do Children in Slums Suffer from Anemia, Iron, Zinc, and Vitamin A Deficiency? Results from a Birth Cohort Study in Dhaka

Why Do Children in Slums Suffer from Anemia, Iron, Zinc, and Vitamin A Deficiency? Results from a Birth Cohort Study in Dhaka

Anemia severity among children aged 6–59 months in Gondar town, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

Maternal Hemoglobin Concentration during Gestation and Risk of Anemia in Infancy: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

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