Iron, Copper, and Zinc

Living with Hemoglobin of 3.7 After Bariatric Surgery! Follow-up is Key to Preventing Adverse Outcomes

“…The main causes of nutritional anemia following bariatric surgery include deficiency of iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12, individually or in combination, with folate deficiency the least likely basis; additional factors unrelated to surgery can coexist and may be responsible, such as use of proton pump inhibitors or the presence of alcoholism [15,17,[19][20][21][22].…”

“…The pathogenesis of iron deficiency is multifactorial and includes dietary components and alterations in physiology [21][22]. Normally, ingested dietary iron in ferric form is poorly absorbed until it is reduced to ferrous state in the stomach, facilitated by hydrochloric acid.…”

“…Besides B12 and iron deficiency, nutritional anemias involving protein, copper, selenium, and zinc may result from malabsorption following bariatric surgery and require consideration when routine screening is negative for iron deficiency anemia [21,[25][26].…”