Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions

Iron Catalysis in Organic Synthesis

“…Since then, this field has become very popular with the development of many efficient and reliable procedures which found application in the synthesis of complex natural products. A number of reviews, accounts, and highlight articles emphasize this tremendous development. ,,,,− The following sections outline the recent development since 2004 including a retrospection on important earlier work.…”

Iron Pincer Complexes as Catalysts and Intermediates in Alkyl–Aryl Kumada Coupling Reactions

“…(2) The iron-catalyzed alkyl–aryl Kumada coupling generally has a high yield, a short reaction time (within several hours), and a high functional group tolerance. (3) The use of alkyl electrophiles as alkylating reagents allows the coupling of functionalized alkyl groups. − Whereas significant progress has been made in developing new catalysts, reaction conditions, and scope, − the mechanism of this and related iron-catalyzed coupling reactions of alkyl halides is only now being unveiled. Fürstner and co-workers showed that Fe “ate” complexes, in which the formal oxidation states of Fe range from −2 to +2, might be catalytically active; , treatment of FeCl 3 with a large excess of aryl Grignard reagents could lead to Fe(0) “ate” species .…”

Iron-Catalyzed, Highly Regioselective Synthesis of α-Aryl Carboxylic Acids from Styrene Derivatives and CO2

“…Iron-catalyzed processes have become increasingly important in the construction of complex molecular frameworks due to the environmental, health, and cost benefits of using iron in place of traditionally used transition metals . Carbon dioxide is an attractive carbon source for organic synthesis due to its low cost, low toxicity, and ease of handling.…”