Iron catalysts by chemical activation of sewage sludge with FeCl 3 for CWPO

Bedia, Jorge; Monsalvo, Victor M.; Rodrı́guez, Juan J.; Mohedano, A.F.

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2016.06.096

Cited by 79 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…These spectra present a doublet with a separation of 13.6 eV corresponding to Fe2p 1/2 and Fe2p 3/2 signals [95]. Most of the studies agree on the presence of a main band associated to Fe2p 1/2 at approximately 712.0 eV (with a secondary one related to Fe2p 3/2 at around 725.0 eV) and a satellite peak at 718.8 eV, as can be seen in Figure 8 [56,65,70,72]. These peaks are characteristics of Fe 3+ species, like those in Fe 2 O 3 and partially in Fe 3 O 4 as previously observed in XRD patterns.…”

Section: Surface Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 84%

Review on Activated Carbons by Chemical Activation with FeCl3

Bedia

Peñas-Garzón

Gómez-Avilés

et al. 2020

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116

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This study reviews the most relevant results on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of activated carbons obtained by novel chemical activation with FeCl3. The text includes a description of the activation mechanism, which compromises three different stages: (1) intense de-polymerization of the carbon precursor (up to 300 °C), (2) devolatilization and formation of the inner porosity (between 300 and 700 °C), and (3) dehydrogenation of the fixed carbon structure (>700 °C). Among the different synthesis conditions, the activation temperature, and, to a lesser extent, the impregnation ratio (i.e., mass ratio of FeCl3 to carbon precursor), are the most relevant parameters controlling the final properties of the resulting activated carbons. The characteristics of the carbons in terms of porosity, surface chemistry, and magnetic properties are analyzed in detail. These carbons showed a well-developed porous texture mainly in the micropore size range, an acidic surface with an abundance of oxygen surface groups, and a superparamagnetic character due to the presence of well-distributed iron species. These properties convert these carbons into promising candidates for different applications. They are widely analyzed as adsorbents in aqueous phase applications due to their porosity, surface acidity, and ease of separation. The presence of stable and well-distributed iron species on the carbons’ surface makes them promising catalysts for different applications. Finally, the presence of iron compounds has been shown to improve the graphitization degree and conductivity of the carbons; these are consequently being analyzed in energy storage applications.

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Section: Surface Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 84%

Review on Activated Carbons by Chemical Activation with FeCl3

Bedia

Peñas-Garzón

Gómez-Avilés

et al. 2020

Self Cite

116

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“…Generally, catalysts are classified as supported and non-supported ( Figure 2). Many studies focus on the development of new catalysts for CWPO in order to increase the stability of catalysts (avoiding iron leaching) and their efficiency in terms of organic compounds removal [29][30][31][32]. Some materials used in CWPO are synthesised using Cu 2+ , Mn 2+ , and Co 2+ .…”

Section: Main Principles and Mechanism Of Cwpomentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation for Industrial and Urban Wastewater Treatment: A Review

2018

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Catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) is emerging as an advanced oxidation process (AOP) of significant promise, which is mainly due to its efficiency for the decomposition of recalcitrant organic compounds in industrial and urban wastewaters and relatively low operating costs. In current study, we have systemised and critically discussed the feasibility of CWPO for industrial and urban wastewater treatment. More specifically, types of catalysts the effect of pH, temperature, and hydrogen peroxide concentrations on the efficiency of CWPO were taken into consideration. The operating and maintenance costs of CWPO applied to wastewater treatment and toxicity assessment were also discussed. Knowledge gaps were identified and summarised. The main conclusions of this work are: (i) catalyst leaching and deactivation is one of the main problematic issues; (ii) majority of studies were performed in semi-batch and batch reactors, while continuous fixed bed reactors were not extensively studied for treatment of real wastewaters; (iii) toxicity of wastewaters treated by CWPO is of key importance for possible application, however it was not studied thoroughly; and, (iv) CWPO can be regarded as economically viable for wastewater treatment, especially when conducted at ambient temperature and natural pH of wastewater.

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“…2(b), OAC showed a coarse surface and abundant pores with thin walls, which were dense and distributed irregularly, originating from the decomposition of some cellulose and volatile organic matter. 5,40 Besides, it is noteworthy that the different iron compounds formed during the activation-pyrolysis process were proven to have potential catalytic activity due to the well-developed porosity. 40,41 Furthermore, aer the iron compounds in the carbon matrix dissolved in HCl solution, a large amount of craters remained in the sample.…”

Section: Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,40 Besides, it is noteworthy that the different iron compounds formed during the activation-pyrolysis process were proven to have potential catalytic activity due to the well-developed porosity. 40,41 Furthermore, aer the iron compounds in the carbon matrix dissolved in HCl solution, a large amount of craters remained in the sample. 22 The N 2 adsorption/desorption isotherms and pore size distributions of OAC are exhibited in Fig.…”

Section: Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of cotton textile waste-based magnetic activated carbon using FeCl₃ activation by the Box–Behnken design: optimization and characteristics

Zhang

Yuan

et al. 2018

RSC Adv.

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Iron catalysts by chemical activation of sewage sludge with FeCl 3 for CWPO

Cited by 79 publications

References 46 publications

Review on Activated Carbons by Chemical Activation with FeCl3

Review on Activated Carbons by Chemical Activation with FeCl3

Application of Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation for Industrial and Urban Wastewater Treatment: A Review

Fabrication of cotton textile waste-based magnetic activated carbon using FeCl₃ activation by the Box–Behnken design: optimization and characteristics

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Iron catalysts by chemical activation of sewage sludge with FeCl 3 for CWPO

Cited by 79 publications

References 46 publications

Review on Activated Carbons by Chemical Activation with FeCl3

Review on Activated Carbons by Chemical Activation with FeCl3

Application of Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation for Industrial and Urban Wastewater Treatment: A Review

Fabrication of cotton textile waste-based magnetic activated carbon using FeCl3 activation by the Box–Behnken design: optimization and characteristics

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Product

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Fabrication of cotton textile waste-based magnetic activated carbon using FeCl₃ activation by the Box–Behnken design: optimization and characteristics