Iron-based flow batteries to store renewable energies

Dinesh, Anarghya; Olivera, Sharon; Venkatesh, Krishna; Santosh, M.S.; Priya, M. Geetha; Inamuddin, .; Asiri, Abdullah M.; Muralidhara, H. B.

doi:10.1007/s10311-018-0709-8

Cited by 73 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Subsequently, symmetrical cycling experiments revealed excellent stability at a neutral pH value for the (NH 4 ) 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]/(NH 4 ) 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] redox pair in a flow battery setup. The higher solubility of the ammonium salt resulted in a significantly higher initial capacity possible compared to the potassium or sodium salts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, electrolytes comprising iron-containing compounds are under investigation, used in both aqueous and non-aqueous media, as the necessary iron salts are inexpensive and many iron complexes can be obtained commercially, even in large scale. 6 For instance, the ferrocyanide and ferricyanide redox pair has been well known and widely investigated in the last 40 years, also with a particular focus on battery applications. [7][8][9] The present study focuses on the use of a water-soluble ferrocyanide, namely ammonium ferrocyanide, as catholyte material in a pH neutral flow battery.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It features excellent cycle stability and a high solubility in aqueous solution, which eventually results in an increased capacity as well as higher electrolyte conductivity. Compared to K 4 6 ] in ammonium chloride solution, high conductivities, high diffusion coefficients, and low viscosities were measured, which are necessary preconditions for the desired battery application.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the following approach, the (NH 4 ) 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] catholyte solution was utilized in an aqueous organic/organometallic redox flow battery (AORFB), paired with a bis-sulfonate functionalized viologen-based anolyte material ((SPr) 2 V) that was recently published by the Liu group 11 (Figure 1). However, while maintaining high Coulombic efficiency, a total capacity retention of merely 88% was achieved.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A symmetrical battery test was reported that utilizes a 0.5 M mixture of both (NH 4 ) 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] and (SPr) 2 V in neutral aqueous ammonium chloride solution on both the anolyte and catholyte sides. As only viologen or ferrocyanide is electrochemically active in the respective half-cell while cycling, the remaining electrolyte material on each side is described as ''sleeping.''…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Return of the Iron Age

Schröter

Hager

Schubert

2019

Joule

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this issue of Joule, Liu and coworkers present the use of the well-known ferrocyanide complex as an active electrode material for an aqueous organic/ organometallic redox flow battery. The ammonium cation was used as counter cation in place of the former-utilized sodium and potassium ions. Interestingly, by this simple cation exchange, remarkable capacity and cycle stability were achieved. A battery system is presented comprising ammonium ferrous hexacyanide and an organo-functionalized viologen compound.An increasing amount of energy is produced by renewables such as wind, hydro, or solar power to significantly decrease CO 2 emissions derived from the utilization of fossil fuels (i.e., coal, gas). It is expected that by 2040 over 40% of the total global energy will be produced by renewable sources. 1 Due to the nonlinear production possibilities of the renewables, the demand for innovative and ''green'' energy storage sys-tems is rising continuously as the capacities of conventional energy storage such as hydro power, thermal energy, pressurized air, or flywheel-based systems are strongly limited due to geological or physical limitations. 2 As a result, innovative new storage concepts are currently the focus of research.Redox-flow batteries (RFBs) represent an alternative approach toward con-ventional static chemical energy storage systems. This battery concept makes it possible to scale the capacity of the battery independently from the power, which is produced, once the battery has been charged. This unique characteristic is enabled by the construction principle of these electrochemical storage systems: two tanks contain an organic or aqueous solution of redox-active organic or inorganic compounds that exhibit reversible reduction and oxidation processes. The electrolyte solutions are pumped into two half-cells that are separated by a membrane and connected to an electrode each, which enables charging and current collection. The energy stored correlates to the volume of the tanks/amount of electrolyte, whereas the power scales with the size of the electrochemical cell/the cell stacks. Numerous systems have been reported utilizing redox-active metal salts (including the most prominent example, the vanadium RFB), organic compounds, as well as polymeric redox systems as active materials. 3,4 If this battery concept is considered under ecological points of view, multiple requirements must be met when investigating novel electrode materials. Preferably, new electrolytes feature low toxicity, high solubility, high stability upon cycling, and a low materials price. 5 Additionally, the desired electrolyte materials should be already commercially available or accessible through straightforward synthetic routes, enabling large-scale synthesis of the required compounds. Therefore, electrolytes comprising iron-containing compounds Figure 1. Redox Flow Battery Constructed by Liu and Coworkers Illustration of the redox flow battery that was reported by Liu and coworkers 10 to investigate the cycle stability of the synthe...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations