Iron Bacteria, particularly those of the <i>Sphaerotilus‐Leptothrix</i> Group, and Industrial Problems

Mulder, E. G.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1964.tb04824.x

Cited by 51 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The material has been shown to be utilized by both species under nutrient limited conditions Stokes & Parsons, 1968). A high C: N ratio favours the formation and storage of polyp-hydroxybutrate which can comprise up to 40 % of the dry weight of the cells Mulder, 1963). However, as the slime ages so the individual bacterial rods become smaller in size and the inclusions disappear.…”

Section: (B) Temporal Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterotrophic Slimes in Flowing Waters

Gray

1985

Biological Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary 1. While much attention has been paid to the ecology of macro‐invertebrates in flowing water, the microbial ecology of such systems has been largely ignored and our knowledge of heterotrophic slimes in particular remains far from complete. Slime‐forming organisms are ubiquitous in their distribution and are part of the normal riverine flora. Slime outbreaks occur in all types of organically enriched flowing fresh waters, regardless of their chemical nature. Slimes are predominantly of heterotrophs which require a constant supply of (i) a suitable carbon source, (ii) inorganic nutrients and in particular nitrogen and phosphorous, and possibly (iii) growth factors such as vitamins. Phosphorous is not a limiting factor for growth, with slimes developing in rivers with < 0·02 mg P l‐1. Other inorganic nutrients such as nitrogen can be used in various forms and are usually present in adequate amounts, even in unpolluted streams. Therefore occurrence appears to be most closely correlated with the presence of a source of available carbon. 2. The severity of outbreaks are not closely associated with soluble organic carbon content although there is a tendency for heavy growths to occur more frequently in more severely polluted waters. Low‐molecular‐weight sugars are clearly the causative agents of Sphaerotilus natans dominated slimes with higher molecular weight material such as starches not immediately effective as growth promoters. Mono‐ to penta‐saccharides are mainly used by bacterial slimes while fungal components utilize fatty acids up to C8. It is not possible to adopt a nationwide BOD5 standards to control slime outbreaks as even small increases in river BOD5 (< 1·0 mg l‐1) can support slime growth. There is a need to develop new methods of assessing the slime‐promoting capability of effluents such as measuring the readily degradable low‐molecular‐weight carbon compounds, so that threshold concentrations of soluble organic carbon below which slime will not develop can be determined. 3. The effect of effluent enrichment on slime growth diminishes downstream as there is a tendency for the soluble carbohydrate to mix and dilute. The slime also metabolizes the carbohydrate, reducing the concentration by up to 60 % depending on the stage of slime development, thus limiting its own proliferation. This is the typical pattern of self‐purification in flowing waters. 4. The taxonomy of all the slime‐forming species are poorly understood as is the ecology of slimes. Species composition of slimes vary temporally and spatially within individual rivers. The primary factors affecting composition are nutrient type and water velocity, although pH determines whether a slime is either predominantly fungal or bacterial. The rate of transfer of oxygen and nutrients is dependent on water velocity with zoogloeal forms predominating as velocity falls to < 0·05 m s‐1. More details of the effects of water velocity and other environmental factors on all the slime‐forming organisms is required. 5. The effects of specific environmenta...

show abstract

Section: (B) Temporal Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterotrophic Slimes in Flowing Waters

Gray

1985

Biological Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Perhaps the absence of these manganese-oxidizing microorganisms or the inability of others to oxidize manganese is due to the low pH (about 4.5) of the Newfoundland deposits and the surrounding soil environment. In general, this is far lower than the reported pH of their natural habitat (Johnson and Stokes 1966;Kutznetsov et al 1963;Mulder 1964;Perfil'ev et al 1965). On the other hand, Aristovskaya (1965), using the capillary peloscope method, readily isolated Caulobacter, Pedomicrobium, Metallogenium, and occasionally Hyphomicrobium from podzolic soils and found the isolates to oxidize and deposit manganese.…”

Section: Hay Infusion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 39%

Oxidation of Manganese by Microorganisms in Manganese Deposits of Newfoundland Soil

Ivarson¹,

Heringa²

1972

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The ORP of the medium is directly related to the pH [13] and the pH in turn can drop due to the formation of both CO 2 , manganese oxides as well as hydroxycarboxylic acids [37]. The hydroxycarboxylic acids of microbial origin exert a catalytic effect on Mn (II) oxidation, establishing the formation of an insoluble, brown manganese complex presumably containing Mn (III) [37].…”

Section: Manganese Oxidation By the Isolated Strain Acinetobacter Spmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of a manganese‐oxidizing bacterium from a biofiltration system for the treatment of borehole water in KwaZulu‐Natal (South Africa)

Beukes

Schmidt

2012

Engineering in Life Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Using minimal salts medium containing vitamins and pyruvate (MSVP) plus added manganese sulfate, a manganese (II) oxidizing bacterial strain was isolated from water samples of a biofiltration system treating borehole water in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. The nonmotile Gram‐negative and oxidase‐negative isolate was subsequently characterized microbiologically. Based on its morphological and physiological characteristics and on the analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence, the isolate was assigned to the genus Acinetobacter. Growth of the isolated strain in MSVP with added manganese sulfate gave rise to a drop in pH and a concomitant increase in oxidation–reduction potential, which was absent in controls, thus indicating manganese oxidation. The ability of Acinetobacter sp. strain LB1 to oxidize Mn (II) was further verified using the leucoberbelin blue dye assay as well as by energy dispersive X‐ray analysis of crystals formed in the medium. In addition, a biofilm assay indicated that this isolate can attach to solid surfaces such as a biofilter matrix, thus confirming its potential for biotechnological applications in the area of water purification.

show abstract

Iron Bacteria, particularly those of the Sphaerotilus‐Leptothrix Group, and Industrial Problems

Cited by 51 publications

References 32 publications

Heterotrophic Slimes in Flowing Waters

Heterotrophic Slimes in Flowing Waters

Oxidation of Manganese by Microorganisms in Manganese Deposits of Newfoundland Soil

Isolation and characterization of a manganese‐oxidizing bacterium from a biofiltration system for the treatment of borehole water in KwaZulu‐Natal (South Africa)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About