Iron as an alternative drier for curing of high-solid alkyd coatings

Pirš, Barbara; Znoj, Bogdan; Skale, Saša; Zabret, Jožefa; Godnjavec, Jerneja; Venturini, P.

doi:10.1007/s11998-015-9724-x

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In a study by Pirš et al, Co II (2-EH) 2 as a drier was compared with [(bispidon)Fe II Cl]Cl in high-solid (HS) alkyd paints [53]. Based on the drying experiments, it was suggested that Co II (2-EH) 2 starts to dry to a coating layer on the surface film soon after the solvent has evaporated, whilst the iron drier showed a more uniform drying behavior throughout the entire coating/thickness.…”

Section: Iron Bispidon Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese and Iron Catalysts in Alkyd Paints and Coatings

Hage¹,

Böer²,

Maaijen³

2016

Inorganics

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Many paint, ink and coating formulations contain alkyd-based resins which cure via autoxidation mechanisms. Whilst cobalt-soaps have been used for many decades, there is a continuing and accelerating desire by paint companies to develop alternatives for the cobalt soaps, due to likely classification as carcinogens under the REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) legislation. Alternative driers, for example manganese and iron soaps, have been applied for this purpose. However, relatively poor curing capabilities make it necessary to increase the level of metal salts to such a level that often coloring of the paint formulation occurs. More recent developments include the application of manganese and iron complexes with a variety of organic ligands. This review will discuss the chemistry of alkyd resin curing, the applications and reactions of cobalt-soaps as curing agents, and, subsequently, the paint drying aspects and mechanisms of (model) alkyd curing using manganese and iron catalysts.

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Section: Iron Bispidon Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese and Iron Catalysts in Alkyd Paints and Coatings

Hage¹,

Böer²,

Maaijen³

2016

Inorganics

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“…Nevertheless, global demand for their replacement is constantly increasing due to ecological reasons [8,9]. Various driers 3 based on vanadium [10][11][12][13], manganese [14][15][16] and iron [17][18][19][20][21], reported in literature, exhibit promising properties in alkyd formulation or liquid model systems (e.g. methyl linoleate).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of primary driers on oxidative drying of high-solid alkyd binder: Investigation of thickness effects by mechanical tests and infrared spectroscopy

Charamzová

Vinklárek

Honzı́ček

2018

Progress in Organic Coatings

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Catalytic activity of four primary driers was investigated in high-solid alkyd binder modified with tall oil fatty acids. The drying activity was established by mechanical tests. Infrared spectroscopy was used for detailed investigation of chemical changes during the autoxidation process. Due to strong thickness effect, the infrared 2 study was performed using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) technique, which measures spectra of a thin layer from the interface sample/ATR crystal (down surface of the sample). Coatings of 30 µm-wet thickness were found to be enough thin to be considered as a homogenously dried bulk with negligible effect of oxygen diffusion. It makes the 30 µm-layers very suitable for determination of kinetic parameters of the autoxidation process. For the first time, ATR-IR experiments on several samples of the same composition but different film thickness were used for detailed investigation of the thickness effect. Two well-distinguished modes of film-formation were observed in studied drier/binder systems. Front frontforming drying occurs when the autoxidation is fast and air-oxygen diffusion is slower than its consumption. In extreme case, the film-formation process is practically ceased because impermeable skin is formed and the coating is not through-dried for very long time. The second mode, homogenous drying, is observed when autoxidation is slow and oxygen consumption is not fast enough to establish oxygen gradient in the coating.

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“…The quest is stimulated by European REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals) legislation since they have been classified as “CMR2‐Reprotoxic” by the Cobalt REACH Consortium. Recently, several manganese, iron, and vanadium‐based driers, suitable for alkyd binders, have been described in literature and some of them are already commercially available. Nevertheless, most of the alternatives still suffer several disadvantages (i.e., low solubility in formulation, intense coloration).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical curing of alkyd resin catalyzed by benzoylferrocene: Performance, kinetics, and thickness effects

Honzı́ček

Vinklárek

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Catalytic properties of benzoylferrocene, as a representative of cobalt‐free drier, was investigated on alkyd resin modified with soybean oil. Mechanical tests, performed on alkyd films, revealed promising activity at low metal concentrations. A detailed analysis of time resolved infrared spectra was used for in‐depth investigation of chemical curing in the films. The experiments, performed in transmission mode, enabled determination of kinetic parameters for the autoxidation process. Effects of film thickness were investigated using attenuated total reflectance technique. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46184.

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Iron as an alternative drier for curing of high-solid alkyd coatings

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Manganese and Iron Catalysts in Alkyd Paints and Coatings

Manganese and Iron Catalysts in Alkyd Paints and Coatings

Effect of primary driers on oxidative drying of high-solid alkyd binder: Investigation of thickness effects by mechanical tests and infrared spectroscopy

Chemical curing of alkyd resin catalyzed by benzoylferrocene: Performance, kinetics, and thickness effects

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