Iron Acquisition by Parasitic Protozoa

Wilson, Mary E.; Britigan, Bradley E.

doi:10.1016/s0169-4758(98)01294-0

Cited by 58 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Iron is an essential nutrient for most bacteria and has been identified as an important factor in the establishment of infections 18,19 . The effect of trypanosome infection on rats leads to erythrocyte lyses and anemia 20 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic properties and serum iron in <i>T. brucei</i> infected rats treated with amodiaquine and mefloquine

Ekanem

Sulaiman²,

Adeyemi³

2006

Biokemistri

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Serum iron was monitored in Trypanosoma brucei-infected rats treated with Amodiaquine and mefloquine antimalarials as the infection progressed. The chemotherapeutic properties of the drugs against African sleeping sickness were also assessed. Results show gradual reduction in the levels of serum iron in the infected but treated rats as the infection progressed. Results also show that reduction in serum iron level is more pronounced in amodiaquine treated but uninfected rats than the mefloquine treated rats. Serum level in infected but not treated rats increased steadily from the day of infection. For prophylactic treatments of infected rat, amodiaquine extended the lifespan of the rats for 14 days while mefloquine extended it for 7 days. For early stage treatment, amodiaquine and mefloquine extended life span for 7 and 4 days respectively while late stage treatment the extensions were 2 and 1 day respectively. Results suggest that these antimalarials especially amodiaquine could be useful in the clinical management of African sleeping sickness and that this may be through reduction of blood iron level, a situation that can inhibit ribonucleotide reductase of the proliferating parasites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic properties and serum iron in <i>T. brucei</i> infected rats treated with amodiaquine and mefloquine

Ekanem

Sulaiman²,

Adeyemi³

2006

Biokemistri

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“…Iron is an essential nutrient for growth, metabolism and expression of virulence factors for many pathogens (Gorrell, 1985;Griffith, 1985;Wilson & Britigan, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

tvcp12: a novel Trichomonas vaginalis cathepsin L-like cysteine proteinase-encoding gene

2004

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Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in humans. This protozoan has multiple proteinases that are mainly of the cysteine proteinase (CP) type, some of which are known to be involved in the parasite's virulence. Here, a novel T. vaginalis CP-encoding gene, tvcp12, was identified and characterized. tvcp12 is 948 bp long and encodes a predicted 34·4 kDa protein that has the characteristics of the papain-like CP family. TvCP12 does not appear to have a signal peptide, suggesting that this is a cytoplasmic CP. By Southern blot assays, the tvcp12 gene was found as a single copy in the T. vaginalis genome. Remarkably, Northern blot experiments showed a single transcript band of ∼1·3 kb in the mRNA obtained from parasites grown in low iron conditions and no transcript was observed in the mRNA from parasites grown in high iron conditions. By RT-PCR assays, a 270 bp band was amplified from the cDNA of parasites grown in low iron medium, which was very faint when cDNA from parasites grown in high iron conditions was used. Transcripts of the 3′ region obtained in both iron conditions presented differences in their poly(A) tail length. These data suggest that tvcp12 is another gene that is negatively regulated by iron and that the length of the poly(A) tail may be one of the factors involved in the iron-modulated protein expression.

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“…It seems that iron is an important nutrient for the growth of different protozoan genera such as Entamoeba, Leishmania, Plasmodium and Trichomonads. Leishmania and Plasmodium can use haemoglobin as a source of iron by catabolism of the haem group [19]. Leishmania chagasi also expresses a NADPHdependent iron reductase capable of converting oxidized Fe 3+ into the more soluble Fe 2+ form [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Iron Supplementation on the Growth Rate and Antioxidant Activity of Trichomonas vaginalis

Razavi¹,

Foroudi²,

Rakhshandehroo³

et al. 2017

J Vet Sci Technol

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Trichomonas vaginalis is a common protozoan parasite found in females and males worldwide. The parasite causes mild to severe inflammations in the urogenital tract. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of iron excess on the growth rate and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in T. vaginalis. The parasite was cultured in Diamond's Trypticase Yeast Maltose (TYM) media with and without iron supplementation and assessed at 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 days post inoculation (dpi). The results showed significant higher numbers of the parasite in medium with iron supplementation. Furthermore, our findings revealed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX and CAT) in parasites cultured with iron supplementation. In conclusion, the present experiment showed that iron increased not only the multiplication rate but also the antioxidant activities of T. vaginalis. It seems that iron could protect T. vaginalis from toxic oxygen metabolites during tissue invasion and helps the parasite to maintain its pathogenicity for the host.

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Iron Acquisition by Parasitic Protozoa

Cited by 58 publications

References 61 publications

Therapeutic properties and serum iron in <i>T. brucei</i> infected rats treated with amodiaquine and mefloquine

Therapeutic properties and serum iron in <i>T. brucei</i> infected rats treated with amodiaquine and mefloquine

tvcp12: a novel Trichomonas vaginalis cathepsin L-like cysteine proteinase-encoding gene

The Effects of Iron Supplementation on the Growth Rate and Antioxidant Activity of Trichomonas vaginalis

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