Iron accumulation in the basal ganglia following severe ischemic-anoxic insults in children.

Dietrich, R B; Bradley, W G

doi:10.1148/radiology.168.1.3380958

Cited by 122 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…However, one possible mechanism is related to the disruption of normal iron transport in the neurons of the deep gray matter that have high uptake of iron. 33 Neurons, especially ferruginated neurons such as in the globus pallidus, not only have extensive expression of the transferrin receptor but also express the ferrous iron transporter, which allows for the detachment of iron within recycling endosomes and the transport of iron to the A B D C Fig 1. T2-weighted images (left) and MFC color maps (right) in a 29-year-old patient with MS (top row) and a 32-year-old control subject (bottom row).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Assessment of Iron Accumulation in the Deep Gray Matter of Multiple Sclerosis by Magnetic Field Correlation Imaging

Jensen²,

Lu³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Neuroradiology

129

118

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Assessment of Iron Accumulation in the Deep Gray Matter of Multiple Sclerosis by Magnetic Field Correlation Imaging

Jensen²,

Lu³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Neuroradiology

129

118

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“…We studied 46 patients with definite multiple sclerosis according to the Poser criteria4 (29 relapsing and remitting, 15 secondary progressive, two primary progressive) and 42 age and sex matched controls: healthy subjects and patients undergoing inve §tigation for headache, vertigo, or middle ear disorders in whom multiple sclerosis was excluded clinically. These two groups were defined as follows: sex ratio (M/F) in patients with multiple sclerosis 0 77 and controls 0-68, mean (SD, range) age of patients with multiple sclerosis 39 9 (11 1, 19-64) years and controls 43-3 (11 8 , 24-72) years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal intensity on MRI of basal ganglia in multiple sclerosis.

Grimaud¹,

Millar²,

Thorpe³

et al. 1995

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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It has been reported that a relative reduction in signal intensity on T2 weighted ART may be seen in the basal ganglia of patients with multiple sclerosis and furthermore that this is due to excessive iron deposition. The basal ganglia are, however, rarely involved clinically or pathologically in multiple sclerosis, casting some doubt on this finding. Therefore MRI was carried out in 46 patients with definite multiple sclerosis and 42 age matched controls. Contiguous, 5 mm thick axial dual echo spin-echo images of the brain were obtained on a 1-5T imager. Visual rating scales were used to measure the lesion load as well as the signal intensity of the globus pallidus, putamen, caudate nucleus, substantia nigra, red nucleus, and thalamus. There was a mild degree of low signal intensity in the patient group in the thalamus only. The signal intensity of the thalamus and putamen was never lower than that of the globus pallidus. Low signal in the basal ganglia is rarely, if ever, found in multiple sclerosis and is not a useful radiological sign. (3 Neurol Neurolosurg Psychiatry 1995;59:306-308) and patients undergoing inve §tigation for headache, vertigo, or middle ear disorders in whom multiple sclerosis was excluded clinically. These two groups were defined as follows: sex ratio (M/F) in patients with multiple sclerosis 0 77 and controls 0-68, mean (SD, range) age of patients with multiple sclerosis 39 9 (11 1, 19-64) years and controls 43-3 (11 8 , 24-72) Signal characteristics of the basal ganglia on long TE images were first analysed in several regions: caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, dentate and red nuclei, substantia nigra, and thalamus. Signal change within the basal ganglia was rated according to the method proposed by Drayer et al,2 which involves comparing the signal characteristics of the basal ganglia relative to the globus pallidus. Three different patterns are described. Normal-decreased signal intensity in the globus pallidus, more prominent than in the putamen and much more prominent than in the thalamus. Equivocal-decreased signal intensity in the globus pallidus, slightly more prominent than in the putamen and more prominent than in the thalamus. Abnormal-decreased signal intensity in the globus pallidus equal to or less prominent than that in the putamen and caudate and only minimally more prominent or equally prominent to that in the thalamus.To assess the visual perception of the degree of basal ganglia hypointensity as an absolute rather than one nucleus relative to another a different method was also used. Each of the basal ganglia was scored separately on an arbitrary scale with cortical grey matter as the internal reference (0 = isointense, 3 = maximum low signal intensity).The size and number of white matter lesions were subsequently scored, with both short and long TE images. All discrete white matter lesions were registered and weighted 306 on 9 May 2018 by guest. Protected by copyright.

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“…First, one can postulate that iron is within macrophage and microglia cells, surrounding the lesions in a ring-like fashion. Second, one can argue that oligodendrocytes are an important source of iron (32)(33)(34). Iron in microglia may indicate chronic infl ammation, whereas iron in oligodendrocytes has been suggested to support myelin production, as it is a required cofactor for cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis, as well as for support of the oxidative metabolism, which occurs in oligodendrocytes at a higher rate than in other brain cells ( 35 ).…”

Section: Neuroradiology: High-field-strength Mr Imaging Of Chronic Mumentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Multiple Sclerosis Lesions: Characterization with High-Field-Strength MR Imaging

Yao¹,

Bagnato²,

Matsuura³

et al. 2012

Radiology

111

124

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Purpose:To elucidate the mechanism of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion appearance by using susceptibility-weighted imaging and to assess with histologic correlation the role of iron and myelin in generating this MR imaging contrast. Materials and Methods:Each patient provided written consent to a human subject protocol approved by an institutional review board. Highspatial-resolution susceptibility-weighted 7.0-T MR images were obtained in 21 patients with MS. Contrast patterns in quantitative phase and R2* images, derived from 7.0-T data, were investigated in 220 areas defi ned as chronic MS lesions on conventional T2-weighted fl uid-attenuated inversion recovery, T2-weighted, and T1-weighted spin-echo images. The presence of positive or negative phase shifts (ie, decreased or increased MR frequency, respectively) was assessed in each lesion. In addition, postmortem MR imaging was performed at 7.0 T and 11.7 T, and its results were correlated with those of immunohistochemical staining specifi c for myelin, iron, and ferritin. Results:The majority (133 [60.5%] of 220) of the identifi ed lesions had a normal phase and reduced R2*. A substantial fraction of the lesions (84 [38.2%] of 220) had negative phase shift, either uniformly or at their rim, and a variety of appearances on R2* maps. These two lesion contrast patterns were reproduced in the postmortem MR imaging study. Comparison with histologic fi ndings showed that, while R2* reduction corresponded to severe loss of both iron and myelin, negative phase shift corresponded to focal iron deposits with myelin loss. Conclusion:Combined analysis of 7.0-T R2* and phase data may help in characterizing the pathologic features of MS lesions. The observed R2* decreases suggest profound myelin loss, whereas negative phase shifts suggest a focal iron accumulation.q RSNA, 2011Supplemental material : http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup /suppl

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Iron accumulation in the basal ganglia following severe ischemic-anoxic insults in children.

Cited by 122 publications

References 0 publications

Quantitative Assessment of Iron Accumulation in the Deep Gray Matter of Multiple Sclerosis by Magnetic Field Correlation Imaging

Quantitative Assessment of Iron Accumulation in the Deep Gray Matter of Multiple Sclerosis by Magnetic Field Correlation Imaging

Signal intensity on MRI of basal ganglia in multiple sclerosis.

Chronic Multiple Sclerosis Lesions: Characterization with High-Field-Strength MR Imaging

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