Iron absorption in infants: High bioavailability ofbreast milk iron as indicated by the extrinsic tag method of iron absorption and by the concentration of serum ferritin

Saarinen, Ulla M.; Siimes, Martti A.; Dallman, Peter R.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(77)80439-3

Cited by 296 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…They compared the absorption of Fe from human and cows' milk in adult volunteers. As reported previously by other investigators (McMillan et al 1976(McMillan et al , 1977Saarinen et al 1977), absorption from cows' milk was approximately 50 % that from human milk (which contains very little Ca). In the study by Hallberg et al (1992b), the Ca concentrations in the human and cows' milk were 190 and 960 mg/l respectively.…”

Section: Effects Of Dairy Products On Iron Absorption From Single Measupporting

confidence: 73%

The effect of calcium on iron absorption

Lynch

2000

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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The experimental and epidemiological evidence demonstrating that Ca inhibits Fe absorption was reviewed, with the objectives of estimating the potential impact of variations in Ca intake on dietary Fe bioavailability and of providing some guidelines for predicting the effects on Fe status of recent recommendations for higher dietary Ca intake. In animal models Ca salts reduced both haem-and non-haem-Fe absorption, the effect being dependent on the amount of Ca administered rather than the Ca:Fe molar ratio; dairy products had a variable effect; factors other than Ca may have been important. In single-meal human absorption studies, both haem-and non-haem-Fe absorption was inhibited by Ca supplements and by dairy products, the effect depending on the simultaneous presence of Ca and Fe in the lumen of the upper small intestine and also occurring when Ca and Fe were given in the fasting state. The quantitative effect, although dose dependent, was modi®ed by the form in which Ca was administered and by other dietary constituents (such as phosphate, phytate and ascorbic acid) known to affect Fe bioavailability. The mechanism by which Ca in¯uences Fe absorption has not been elucidated. The effects of factors that modulate Fe bioavailability are known to be exaggerated in singlemeal studies, and measurements based on several meals are more likely to re¯ect the true nutritional impact. The results of most multiple-meal human studies suggest that Ca supplementation will have only a small effect on Fe absorption unless habitual Ca consumption is very low. Outcome analyses showed that Ca supplements had no effect on Fe status in infants fed Fe-forti®ed formula, lactating women, adolescent girls and adult men and women. However it should be noted that the subjects studied had adequate intakes of bioavailable Fe and, except in one study, had relatively high habitual Ca intakes. Although cross-sectional analyses in Europe have shown a signi®cant inverse correlation between Ca intake (derived primarily from dairy foods) and Fe stores, the quantitative effect was relatively small.

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Section: Effects Of Dairy Products On Iron Absorption From Single Measupporting

confidence: 73%

The effect of calcium on iron absorption

Lynch

2000

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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“…Esta susceptibilidad también es mayor en el niño con lactancia artificial, a menos que reciba fórmulas lácteas fortificadas, ya que el contenido de hierro de la leche de vaca es bajo y este mineral es pobremente absorbido, solo un 4% 5 . Por el contrario el lactante de término alimentado con leche materna exclusiva, pese al bajo contenido de hierro de ésta, se encuentra protegido hasta los 6 meses de vida debido a la excelente biodisponibilidad del hierro de esta leche, un 50% 6 . En el niño mayor debido a la disminución del ritmo de crecimiento y a una dieta más abundante y variada, la etiología nutricional es menos prevalente, siendo habitualmente a esta edad la deficiencia una situación que se arrastra desde el período de lactante 4 .…”

Section: N T R O D U C C I ó Nunclassified

Causas y consecuencias de la deficiencia de hierro

Olivares

Walter

2004

Rev. Nutr.

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La deficiencia de hierro es la deficiencia nutricional más prevalente y la principal causa de anemia a escala mundial. Además de las manifestaciones propias de la anemia, se han descrito otras manifestaciones no hematológicas tales como: disminución de la capacidad de trabajo físico y de la actividad motora espontánea, alteraciones de la inmunidad celular y de la capacidad bactericida de los neutrófilos, disminución de la termogénesis, alteraciones funcionales e histológicas del tubo digestivo, falla en la movilización de la vitamina A hepática, mayor riesgo de parto prematuro, bajo peso de nacimiento y de morbilidad perinatal, menor transferencia de hierro al feto, una disminución de la velocidad de crecimiento, alteraciones conductuales y del desarrollo mental y motor, velocidad de conducción más lenta de los sistemas sensoriales auditivo y visual, y reducción del tono vagal. La prevención de la deficiencia de hierro incluye cambios en los hábitos alimentarios, fortificación de los alimentos y la suplementación con hierro.

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“…The Fe in breast milk is better absorbed than that from other sources; vitamin C and high lactose levels in breast milk aid in Fe absorption. Fe in mothers' milk is absorbed five times more than that from cows' milk or Fe-fortified formula (21)(22)(23)(24) .…”

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confidence: 99%