Irisin: A New Code Uncover the Relationship of Skeletal Muscle and Cardiovascular Health During Exercise

Ma, Chao; Ding, Haichao; Deng, Yuting; Liu, Hua; Xiong, Xiufang; Yang, Yi

doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.620608

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…This hypothesis is supported by both in vivo and in vitro experiments that showed that GTPase OPA1, which is responsible for the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and is crucial for adapting mitochondrial function and preserving cellular health, is downregulated in the infarcted heart, whereas irisin treatment upregulated its expression and protected cardiomyocytes from further damage after myocardial infarction [135]. Collectively, these results seem to indicate that irisin serves as a novel approach to elicit cardioprotection, which is associated with improved mitochondrial function [136]. Furthermore, serum irisin concentrations are reported to be inversely associated with the prevalence of coronary artery calcification after adjustment for age and behavioral factors.…”

Section: Irisinmentioning

confidence: 77%

Biological Aspects of Selected Myokines in Skeletal Muscle: Focus on Aging

Mancinelli

Checcaglini

Coscia

et al. 2021

IJMS

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In the last decade, clear evidence has emerged that the cellular components of skeletal muscle are important sites for the release of proteins and peptides called “myokines”, suggesting that skeletal muscle plays the role of a secretory organ. After their secretion by muscles, these factors serve many biological functions, including the exertion of complex autocrine, paracrine and/or endocrine effects. In sum, myokines affect complex multi-organ processes, such as skeletal muscle trophism, metabolism, angiogenesis and immunological response to different physiological (physical activity, aging, etc.) or pathological states (cachexia, dysmetabolic conditions, chronic inflammation, etc.). The aim of this review is to describe in detail a number of myokines that are, to varying degrees, involved in skeletal muscle aging processes and belong to the group of proteins present in the functional environment surrounding the muscle cell known as the “Niche”. The particular myokines described are those that, acting both from within the cell and in an autocrine manner, have a defined relationship with the modulation of oxidative stress in muscle cells (mature or stem) involved in the regulatory (metabolic or regenerative) processes of muscle aging. Myostatin, IGF-1, NGF, S100 and irisin are examples of specific myokines that have peculiar features in their mechanisms of action. In particular, the potential role of one of the most recently characterized myokines—irisin, directly linked to an active lifestyle—in reducing if not reversing senescence-induced oxidative damage is discussed in terms of its possible application as an agent able to counteract the deleterious effects of muscle aging.

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Section: Irisinmentioning

confidence: 77%

Biological Aspects of Selected Myokines in Skeletal Muscle: Focus on Aging

Mancinelli

Checcaglini

Coscia

et al. 2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since then, many beneficial roles have been ascribed to it. For instance, as an important regulator of energy metabolism, irisin plays a protective role against type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity [2,3]; maintains cardiovascular health [4]; acts as a behavioural antidepressant in mood regulation [5], and protects against bone loss and muscle atrophy [6]. Irisin has also been linked to the increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) with subsequent beneficial effects on brain health and cognitive function [7].…”

Section: Background Description Of the Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Effect of Exercise on Irisin Blood Levels—Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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Physical exercise may activate a number of important biochemical processes in the human body. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify the long-term effect of physical activity on irisin blood levels. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles addressing the long-term effect of physical exercise on irisin blood levels. Fifty-nine articles were included in the final qualitative and quantitative syntheses. A statistically significant within-group effect of exercise on irisin blood levels was in 33 studies; out of them, the irisin level increased 23× and decreased 10×. The significant positive between-groups effect was found 11×. Furthermore, the meta-analysis indicated that physical exercise had a significant positive effect on irisin blood levels (SMD = 0.39 (95% CI 0.27–0.52)). Nevertheless, considerably high heterogeneity was found in all the analyses. This systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that physical exercise might increase irisin blood levels; however, the results of individual studies were considerably inconsistent, which questions the methodological detection of irisin by ELISA kits.

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“…Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine that is cleaved from the transmembrane protein fibronectin type III (FNIII) domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) expressed in myocytes and may link the cardiovascular-skeletal muscle axis ( Ma et al, 2021 ). Despite the role of FNDC5 as the precursor of irisin, FNDC5 could also act as the receptor of irisin based on its fibronectin type III domain containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence ( Main et al, 1992 ; Teufel et al, 2002 ; Erickson, 2013 ), which might mediate the autocrine or endocrine action of irisin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Enhanced Cardiac Function in Mice With Radiation-Induced Heart Disease via the FNDC5/Irisin-Dependent Mitochondrial Turnover Pathway

Tang

et al. 2021

Front. Physiol.

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Background: Despite the development of radiation therapy (RT) techniques, concern regarding the serious and irreversible heart injury induced by RT has grown due to the lack of early intervention measures. Although exercise can act as an effective and economic nonpharmacologic strategy to combat fatigue and improve quality of life for cancer survivors, limited data on its application in radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) and the underlying molecular mechanism are available.Methods: Fifteen young adult male mice were enrolled in this study and divided into 3 groups (including exercised RIHD group, sedentary RIHD group, and controls; n =5 samples/group). While the mice in the control group were kept in cages without irradiation, those in the exercised RIHD group underwent 3weeks of aerobic exercise on the treadmill after radiotherapy. At the end of the 3rd week following RT, FNDC5/irisin expression, cardiac function, aerobic fitness, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, mitochondrial function, and mitochondrial turnover in the myocardium were assessed to identify the protective role of exercise in RIHD and investigate the potential mechanism.Results: While sedentary RIHD group had impaired cardiac function and aerobic fitness than controls, the exercised RIHD mice had improved cardiac function and aerobic fitness, elevated ATP production and the mitochondrial protein content, decreased mitochondrial length, and increased formation of mitophagosomes compared with sedentary RIHD mice. These changes were accompanied by the elevated expression of FNDC5/irisin, a fission marker (DRP1) and mitophagy markers (PINK1 and LC3B) in exercised RIHD group than that of sedentary RIHD group, but the expression of biogenesis (TFAM) and fusion (MFN2) markers was not significantly changed.Conclusion: Exercise could enhance cardiac function and aerobic fitness in RIHD mice partly through an autocrine mechanism via FNDC5/irisin, in which autophagy was selectively activated, suggesting that FNDC5/irisin may act as an intervening target to prevent the development of RIHD.

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Irisin: A New Code Uncover the Relationship of Skeletal Muscle and Cardiovascular Health During Exercise

Cited by 36 publications

References 103 publications

Biological Aspects of Selected Myokines in Skeletal Muscle: Focus on Aging

Biological Aspects of Selected Myokines in Skeletal Muscle: Focus on Aging

Long-Term Effect of Exercise on Irisin Blood Levels—Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Exercise Enhanced Cardiac Function in Mice With Radiation-Induced Heart Disease via the FNDC5/Irisin-Dependent Mitochondrial Turnover Pathway

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