Irisin, a Link among Fatty Liver Disease, Physical Inactivity and Insulin Resistance

Arias-Loste, María Teresa; Ranchal, Isidora; Romero‐Gómez, Manuel; Crespo, Javier

doi:10.3390/ijms151223163

Cited by 66 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Apart from enhancing resistance and strength, physical activity promotes energy expenditure, which reduces the adipose tissue and has protective power against chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms leading to these effects are not definitely known (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecular mechanisms underlying irisin, combined with the increase of brown fat, may unravel the basis of physical exercise benefits on different conditions (5). Irisin, a hormone proteolytically processed from FNDC5, has been reported to induce the browning of subcutaneous adipocytes by increasing the level of uncoupling protein 1(Ucp1) (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This protein triggers uncoupling in mitochondrial respiration, promoting energy loss in the form of heat. On the contrary, brown fat appears to be protective for metabolic diseases and its mass increases according to cold exposure or physical activity (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These myokines have been shown to act as messengers among skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue, heart, brain, and blood vessels (5). A large list of molecules have been recently considered as myokines, such as irisin, fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-7, IL-8, IL-15, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), myonectin, myostatin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) (5)(6)(7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can trigger energy hemostasis and metabolism, improve obesity and glucose intolerance, which is why it is known as a beneficial factor in recovering from disease (2). Physical activity is the basis of change in lifestyle which is of great importance for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (15). A recent research in this regard made it evident that physical activity can result in the lowering of liver osteotasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Resistance and Endurance Training on the Liver Tissue FNDC5 mRNA Gene Expression in Male Rats

Rashidlamir

Hoseinzadeh

Dashtkhaki

2017

Ann. Appl. Sport Sci

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Background. The accumulation of excess triglyceride in the liver and a decrease in brown adipose tissue is related to the fatty liver disease. Regular physical activity can take part in regulating fat oxidation and inhibiting fat accumulation by creating and releasing some myokines. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of each training method in this regard is still not certain. Objective(s). This study aims at comparing the effects of resistance and endurance training on FNDC5 (the precursor of irisin myokine) gene expression in male rat liver tissues.. Methods. Fifteen Wistar male rats (aged 10-12 weeks with an average weight of 331.8 ±63.09 gr) were used. After being taken to the animals' laboratory, the subjects were randomly assigned to three equal groups viz: control (N=5), endurance (N=5) and resistance (N=5). For the purpose of tissue sampling, all these subjects were anesthetized 72 hours after the experiment had been completed. The liver tissue was immediately removed and then quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen and kept at a temperature of -80o C until RNA extraction. FNDC5 relative gene expression was identified by Real-time PCR method. Results. Data analysis revealed a significant difference in FNDC5 gene expression among the groups (P=0.008, Chi Square=31.791). No significant difference was observed between the resistance training and endurance training groups in FNDC5 gene expression, though (P=0.959). Conclusion. It can be established that both resistance and endurance training can similarly affect the production and secretion of exerciseinduced myokines, including FNDC5 irisin, which can in turn protect against obesity and its impacts on the liver tissue by stimulating the process of browning of white fat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Effects of Resistance and Endurance Training on the Liver Tissue FNDC5 mRNA Gene Expression in Male Rats

Rashidlamir

Hoseinzadeh

Dashtkhaki

2017

Ann. Appl. Sport Sci

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Physical activity and liver diseases

2015

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Regular physical activity beneficially impacts the risk of onset and progression of several chronic diseases. However, research regarding the effects of exercising on chronic liver diseases is relatively recent. Most researchers focused on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), in which increasing clinical and experimental data indicate that skeletal muscle crosstalking to the adipose tissue and the liver regulates intrahepatic fat storage. In this setting, physical activity is considered to be required in combination with calories restriction to allow an effective decrease of intrahepatic lipid component, and despite that evidence is not conclusive, some studies suggest that vigorous activity might be more beneficial than moderate activity to improve NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Evidence regarding the effects of exercise on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma is scarce; some epidemiological studies indicate a lower risk in patients regularly and vigorously exercising. In compensated cirrhosis, exercise acutely increases portal pressure, but in the longer term it has been proved safe and probably beneficial. Decreased aerobic capacity (VO2) correlates with mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, who are almost invariably sarcopenic. In these patients, VO2 is improved by physical activity, which might also reduce the risk of hepatic encephalopathy through an increase in skeletal muscle mass. In solid organ transplantation recipients, exercise is able to improve lean mass, muscle strength, and, as a consequence, aerobic capacity. Few data exist in liver transplant recipients, in whom exercise should be an object of future studies given its high potential of providing long‐term beneficial effects. Conclusions: Despite that evidence is far from complete, physical activity should be seen as an important part of the management of patients with liver disease in order to improve their clinical outcome. (Hepatology 2016;63:1026–1040)

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Synergistic effect of carnosine on browning of adipose tissue in exercised obese rats; a focus on circulating irisin levels

Schaalan

Ramadan

Elwahab

2018

Journal Cellular Physiology

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The recent appreciation of the energy burning capacity of brown adipose tissue turns it to an attractive target for anti-obesity therapy. We sought to evaluate the effect of L-carnosine on browning of white adipose tissue in exercised obese rats. Sixty adult male Wistar albino rats, 7-8 week-old weighing 130-150 g, were allocated into six groups; with 10 rats in each, for an experimentation period of 12 weeks: (i) normal control rats fed a standard fat diet (SFD/control), (ii) normal control rats fed a standard diet and injected with L-carnosine (250 mg/kg, i.p,) for 6 weeks (SFD/CAR), (iii) high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats for 12 weeks, (iv) HFD rats subjected to exercise training (HFD/EXE) for 6 weeks, (v) HFD rats injected with L-carnosine (250 mg/kg,i.p.) for 6 weeks (HFD/CAR) and, (vi) HFD rats subjected to exercise training and L-carnosine (HFD/EXE/CAR). At the end of the 12-week-experiment, the body weights and the serum levels of lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers as well as circulating myokines were investigated. Gastrocnemius muscles and inguinal adipose tissues were excised for the measurement of gene expression of muscle irisin, adipose tissue uncoupling protein1 (UCP1), CD137 and the protein level of p38MAPK. In addition, histopathological examination for the studied groups was performed. Both exercise training for 6 weeks and carnosine treatment significantly decreased body weight gain, ameliorated obesity-induced dyslipidemia, reduced the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and TNF-α, while increased total antioxidant capacity and IL-10. Furthermore, increases in serum irisin levels and the expression of adipose uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), adipose CD137, p38 MAPK, and muscular fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5(FNDC5), the precursor of irisin gene expression, were correlated with these carnosine- and exercise-induced physiological improvements. The highest improvement was evident in the combined exercise and carnosine group which indicates that their beneficial effects in obese animals were synergistic. These findings suggest that L-carnosine may induce browning of adipose tissue through irisin stimulation, a phenomenon that could be related to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects.

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Irisin, a Link among Fatty Liver Disease, Physical Inactivity and Insulin Resistance

Cited by 66 publications

References 91 publications

The Effects of Resistance and Endurance Training on the Liver Tissue FNDC5 mRNA Gene Expression in Male Rats

The Effects of Resistance and Endurance Training on the Liver Tissue FNDC5 mRNA Gene Expression in Male Rats

Physical activity and liver diseases

Synergistic effect of carnosine on browning of adipose tissue in exercised obese rats; a focus on circulating irisin levels

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