Iridophoroma associated with the Lemon Frost colour morph of the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius)

Szydłowski, Paweł; Duda, Magdalena; Madej, Janusz A.; Sikorska-Kopyłowicz, Agnieszka; Chełmońska-Soyta, Anna; Ilnicka, Lucyna; Duda, Przemysław

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62828-9

Cited by 11 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Heterozygous Lemon Frost mutants were recently reported to develop iridophoroma 34 Figure 4A,B), consistent with their nature as iridophores 26,[35][36][37][38] . Imaging with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) showed that the lf allele led to both increased numbers of neoplastic iridophores and increased production of reflective platelets within each iridophore 39 (Supplementary Figure 4C).…”

Section: The Lemon Frost Allele Leads To Iridophoroma With Potentialsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Heterozygous Lemon Frost mutants were recently reported to develop iridophoroma 19 , a tumor of iridophores. Histopathological examination of the skin samples from homozygous mutants, with accentuated phenotypes, showed large solid sheaths of round to polygonal neoplastic cells that efface and expand the normal tissue architecture (Supplementary Figure 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This mutation increased the white color of the leopard gecko, resulting in brightened white and yellow colors. This unique color morph was named Lemon Frost 19 ( Figure 1). A male leopard gecko carrying the lemon frost (lf) allele, Mr. Frosty ( Figure 1B), was crossed to 12 female leopard geckos of different genetic backgrounds.…”

Section: The Lemon Frost Allele Is a Spontaneous Semidominant Mutationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetics of white color and iridophoroma in “Lemon Frost” leopard geckos

Guo

Bloom

Sykes³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The squamates (lizards and snakes) are close relatives of birds and mammals, with more than 10,000 described species that display extensive variation in a number of important biological traits, including coloration, venom production, and regeneration. Due to a lack of genomic tools, few genetic studies in squamates have been carried out. The leopard gecko1, Eublepharis macularius, is a popular companion animal, and displays a variety of coloration patterns. We took advantage of a large breeding colony and used linkage analysis, synteny, and homozygosity mapping to investigate a spontaneous semi-dominant mutation, “Lemon Frost”, that produces white coloration and causes skin tumors (iridophoroma). We localized the mutation to a single locus which contains a strong candidate gene, SPINT12,3, a tumor suppressor implicated in human skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) and over-proliferation of epithelial cells in mice and zebrafish4–16. Our work establishes the leopard gecko as a tractable genetic system and suggests that a tumor suppressor in melanocytes in humans can also suppress tumor development in iridophores in lizards.

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Section: The Lemon Frost Allele Leads To Iridophoroma With Potentialsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Lemon Frost Allele Is a Spontaneous Semidominant Mutationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetics of white color and iridophoroma in “Lemon Frost” leopard geckos

Guo

Bloom

Sykes³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…For this study we used a total of 25 live adults of Eublepharis macularius , the leopard gecko, giving a total of 132 patterns on various body parts. 20 geckos had an overall “normal” pattern morphotype (melanistic - black - spots on a yellowish/brownish background), while five geckos had a “lemon frost” morphotype with melanistic patterns (Szydłowski et al 2020, Guo et al 2020; Figure A1 in the Appendix for full body images of all geckos, Table 1 and Supplementary Material for details on the origin of the geckos).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing and analyzing pattern diversity: an example using the melanistic spotted patterns of leopard geckos

Glimm

Kiskowski

Moreno

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Animal color patterns are widely studied in ecology, evolution, and through mathematical modeling. Patterns may vary among distinct body parts such as the head, trunk or tail. As large amounts of photographic data is becoming more easily available, there is a growing need for general quantitative methods for capturing and analyzing the full complexity and details of pattern variation. Detailed information on variation in color pattern elements is necessary to understand how patterns are produced and established during development, and which evolutionary forces may constrain such a variation. Here, we develop an approach to capture and analyze variation in melanistic color pattern elements in leopard geckos. We use this data to study the variation among different body parts of leopard geckos and to draw inferences about their development. We compare patterns using 14 different indices such as the ratio of melanistic versus total area, the ellipticity of spots, and the size of spots and use these to define a composite distance between two patterns. Pattern presence/absence among the different body parts indicates a clear pathway of pattern establishment from the head to the back legs. Together with weak within-individual correlation between leg patterns and main body patterns, this suggests that pattern establishment in the head and tail may be independent from the rest of the body. We found that patterns vary greatest in size and density of the spots among body parts and individuals, but little in their average shapes. We also found a correlation between the melanistic patterns of the two front legs, as well as the two back legs, and also between the head, tail and trunk, especially for the density and size of the spots, but not their shape or inter-spot distance. Our data collection and analysis approach can be applied to other organisms to study variation in color patterns between body parts and to address questions on pattern formation and establishment in animals.

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“…The inheritance of different color morphs is usually carefully documented by breeders. The common leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius, is an especially attractive model to study the molecular regulation of coloration because dozens of color and pattern morphs have been established over the past 30 Uncontrolled proliferation of iridophores can lead to iridophoroma. White-colored iridophoroma is common in many reptile species [25], including green iguanas [26], captive snakes [27], bearded dragons [28] and veiled chameleons [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of white color and iridophoroma in “Lemon Frost” leopard geckos

Guo

Bloom

Sykes³

et al. 2021

PLoS Genet

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The squamates (lizards and snakes) are close relatives of birds and mammals, with more than 10,000 described species that display extensive variation in a number of important biological traits, including coloration, venom production, and regeneration. Due to a lack of genomic tools, few genetic studies in squamates have been carried out. The leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius, is a popular companion animal, and displays a variety of coloration patterns. We took advantage of a large breeding colony and used linkage analysis, synteny, and homozygosity mapping to investigate a spontaneous semi-dominant mutation, “Lemon Frost”, that produces white coloration and causes skin tumors (iridophoroma). We localized the mutation to a single locus which contains a strong candidate gene, SPINT1, a tumor suppressor implicated in human skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) and over-proliferation of epithelial cells in mice and zebrafish. Our work establishes the leopard gecko as a tractable genetic system and suggests that a tumor suppressor in melanocytes in humans can also suppress tumor development in iridophores in lizards.

show abstract

Iridophoroma associated with the Lemon Frost colour morph of the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius)

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Genetics of white color and iridophoroma in “Lemon Frost” leopard geckos

Genetics of white color and iridophoroma in “Lemon Frost” leopard geckos

Capturing and analyzing pattern diversity: an example using the melanistic spotted patterns of leopard geckos

Genetics of white color and iridophoroma in “Lemon Frost” leopard geckos

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