Iridium in the Ash of Kamchatkan Volcanoes

Felitsyn, S. B.; Vaganov, P. A.

doi:10.1080/00206818809466110

Cited by 11 publications

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“…Volcanic gas and ash emissions are expected to contain high concentrations of PGEs. − The contribution of volcanic eruptions to the aerosol loading of the Antarctic atmosphere can depend on various factors, such as the location of the volcano, the eruption strength and the composition and aerosol size distribution of the ejected material. − We used the nss-SO 4 2- and Al concentrations in the samples (Figure ) as volcanic gas and ash indicators, respectively ,,, (Figure , SI Table S2 and Figure S2). In Figure , dashed lines 1, 2, and 3 correspond to the volcanic layers of the Pinatubo (15°N, 1991), Cerro Hudson (45.5°S, 1991), and El Chichon (17°N, 1982) eruptions, respectively .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 50-Year Record of Platinum, Iridium, and Rhodium in Antarctic Snow: Volcanic and Anthropogenic Sources

Soyol-Erdene

Huh

Hong

et al. 2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Antarctic snow preserves an atmospheric archive that enables the study of global atmospheric changes and anthropogenic disturbances from the past. We report atmospheric deposition rates of platinum group elements (PGEs) in Antarctica during the last ∼ 50 years based on determinations of Pt, Ir, and Rh in snow samples collected from Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica to evaluate changes in the global atmospheric budget of these noble metals. The 50-year average PGE concentrations in Antarctic snow were 17 fg g(-1) (4.7-76 fg g(-1)) for Pt, 0.12 fg g(-1) (<0.05-0.34 fg g(-1)) for Ir, and 0.71 fg g(-1) (0.12-8.8 fg g(-1)) for Rh. The concentration peaks for Pt, Ir, and Rh were observed at depths corresponding to volcanic eruption periods, indicating that PGEs can be used as a good tracer of volcanic activity in the past. A significant increase in concentrations and crustal enrichment factors for Pt and a slight enhancement in enrichment factors for Rh were observed after the 1980s. This suggests that there has been large-scale atmospheric pollution for Pt and probably for Rh since the 1980s, which may be attributed to the increasing emissions of these metals from anthropogenic sources such as automobile catalysts and metal production processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 50-Year Record of Platinum, Iridium, and Rhodium in Antarctic Snow: Volcanic and Anthropogenic Sources

Soyol-Erdene

Huh

Hong

et al. 2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Volcanic dust bands in Antarctic ice cores are enriched in iridium with values of P7ppb, comparable with those found at WT sections (Koeberl, 1989). Fine volcanic ashes from eruptions of acidic volcanoes in Kamchatka have iridium levels of 1-4 ppb (Felitsyn and Vaganov, 1988). Sublimates from eruptions of a hot-spot volcano on Reunion Island are enriched in iridium at levels of 4-8 ppb (Toutain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relevance of iridium and microscopic dynamic deformation features toward understanding the Cretaceous/Tertiary transition

Officer

1992

Terra Nova

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Iridium enhancements are associated with the fine particle emanations from present day basaltic and acidic volcanic eruptions but are not associated with impact craters, with one possible exception of Precambrian age. Microscopic dynamic deformation features are associated with structures originating from a meteorite impact, volcanic and internal explosion event(s), and high tectonic strain-rate(s). The CretaceoudTertiary (WT) distributions of inidium and shocked minerals extend over a stratigraphic interval of a few hundred thousand years, in agreement with the known record of intense volcanism at WT time but not in accord with the signature expected from a single meteorite impact. The recently studied UTsections in Haiti add further information on the assoaations of shocked mineraIs and iridium enhancements. (1984) Mineralogic evidence for an impact event at the Cretaceounertiary boundary, Science, 224,867-869. Borella P. (1984) Sedimentology, petrology and cyclic sedimentation patterns, Walvis Ridge trans&, Leg 74, Init. Rep. Deep Sea drill. Proj., 74,645-662. Brew D.A. and Muffler L.J.P.. (1966) Upper Triassic undevitrified volcanic glass from Howard Island, Keku Strait, Southeastern Alaska, Prof. Pap. USgeol. sum., 525c, 38-43. Byerly G.R. and Sinton J.M. (1980) Compositional trend in ~t u r a l basaltic glasses from Deep Sea Drilling Project Holes 417D and 418A, Init. Rep. Deep Sea drill. Proj., 5143,957-971. Bunch T.E. (1968) Some characteristics of selected minerals from craters. In: Shock Metamorphism in Natural Materials (ed. by B.M. French and N.M. Short), pp. 413-432. Mono Book, Baltimore. Carrigy M.A. (1968) Evidence of shock metamorphism in rocks from the Steen 401 2081 -2086. CHARLES 6. OFFICER river structure. In: Shock Metamorphism in Natural Mnterinls (ed. by B.M. French and N.M. Short), pp. 367-374. Mono Book, Baltimore. Carter N.L. and Officer C.B. (1987) Dynamic deformation of volcanic ejecta from the Toba caldera: possible relevance to Cretaceouflertiary boundary phenomena-reply, Geology, 15,91-92.

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Teaching Controversies in Earth Science: The Role of History and Philosophy of Science

Dolphin

Dodick

2013

International Handbook of Research in History, Philosophy and Science Teaching

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Iridium in the Ash of Kamchatkan Volcanoes

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

A 50-Year Record of Platinum, Iridium, and Rhodium in Antarctic Snow: Volcanic and Anthropogenic Sources

A 50-Year Record of Platinum, Iridium, and Rhodium in Antarctic Snow: Volcanic and Anthropogenic Sources

The relevance of iridium and microscopic dynamic deformation features toward understanding the Cretaceous/Tertiary transition

Teaching Controversies in Earth Science: The Role of History and Philosophy of Science

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