Iridescent bodies of Cystoseira stricta Sauvageau (Phaeophyta, Fucales): their fine structure, development and nature in vegetative cells

Pellegrini, L.; Pellegrini, M.

doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-21-1-34.1

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Secondly, intracellular structures consisting of three-dimensional not periodic spherical objects. [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72] These intracellular inclusions, distributed throughout the epidermis, consist of highly packed vacuoles with multiple dense, proteinaceous globules scattered throughout a matrix of polysaccharides and an osmiophilic material (see Figure 3 a). Cystoseira stricta is suggested to contain protein within the inclusions, however the presence of proteins may differ between species.…”

Section: Physical Mechanism Of Structural Coloration In Marine Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cystoseira stricta is suggested to contain protein within the inclusions, however the presence of proteins may differ between species. [ 58 ] Early observations of structural color in brown algae revealed "globules responsible for iridescence". [ 59 ] Subsequent attempts to clarify the mechanisms responsible for this structural color revealed the identical structures, now referred to as "iridescent bodies".…”

Section: Physical Mechanism Of Structural Coloration In Marine Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 59 ] Subsequent attempts to clarify the mechanisms responsible for this structural color revealed the identical structures, now referred to as "iridescent bodies". [60][61][62][63] Previous studies have identifi ed these bodies in Cystoseira spp., [ 58,64,65 ] Dictyota spp. [66][67][68][69][70] and Zonaria tournefortii [ 71 ] (see Table 1 ).…”

Section: Physical Mechanism Of Structural Coloration In Marine Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Color in Marine Algae

Chandler

Wilts

Brodie

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

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mate attraction [ 35 ] and predator deterrents. [ 33,[36][37][38] In fl owers, structural color is hypothesized to function in relation to attracting potential pollinators. [ 20 ] However, in organisms such as algae the function of structural color remains unclear.Marine macroalgae (red, brown and green seaweeds) represent a large, diverse group of organisms within the marine kingdom. To date, around 11,000 species of marine algae have been described, however it is suggested that around 10,000 species are still undescribed (Mike Guiry pers. comm.; see further in ref. [ 39 ] ). Red (Rhodophyta) and green (Chlorophyta) algae originated from the primary endosymbiosis of cyanobacteria around 1500 Mya. [ 40 ] In comparison, the divergence of the brown algae (Phaeophyceae), as a consequence of secondary endosymbiosis, occurred relatively recently, at around 200 Mya ( Figure 1 ). [ 41 ] Marine algae play a major role in the functionality of coastal ecosystems, [ 42 ] provide a signifi cant contribution towards global carbon fi xation, [ 43 ] contribute to stable food sources, [ 44 ] and are employed in various health [ 45 ] and medicinal [ 46 ] products. Considering the global importance of marine algae and the current declines that many populations face as a result of environmental degradation, [47][48][49] understanding their structural color may reveal adaptation strategies useful in relation to global environmental change. For example, similarly to leaves, [ 50,51 ] structural color in algae may serve to protect species from ultraviolet radiation which may be benefi cial considering continual ozone damage. Assuming this hypothesis, structural color may be useful in predicting marine species composition in the future.Despite the lack of understanding on the biological purpose of structural color, marine algae have received very little attention within this fi eld, most likely as their colors do not function for a communicative purpose. [ 32 ] Subsequently, only a few studies have attempted to work on and identify the mechanisms responsible for producing structural color and they have mainly focused on the red algae (Rhodophyta), where intracellular [ 52 ] and extracellular [ 29 ] structures have been observed. For example, in the red alga, Chondrus crispus Stackhouse [ 53 ] (Rhodophyta), it has been shown that structural color is produced by a multilayered structure in the cuticle with refractive-index periodicity. [ 29 ] Furthermore, virtually no studies have attempted to investigate the vivid and diverse array of structural color patterns found within the brown algae (Phaeophyceae). It has been suggested that intracellular quasi-ordered spherical inclusions in the epidermal cells termed 'iridescent bodies' are responsible for the observed structural color, [ 54 ] however there is no clear experimental evidence that correlates these bodies with the optical appearance.In this progress report, we describe the mechanisms of color production in marine algae and compare them to those Structural coloration is widespread ...

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Section: Physical Mechanism Of Structural Coloration In Marine Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Mechanism Of Structural Coloration In Marine Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Mechanism Of Structural Coloration In Marine Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Structural Color in Marine Algae

Chandler

Wilts

Brodie

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…Cell structure and organisation differ between algal groups, species and even individuals. Two different mechanisms have been documented as the source of structural colouration: multilayer structures41 and iridescent bodies42434445464748495051. Iridescent bodies have been suggested to produce variation in the refractive index of light in comparison with the surrounding environment5253.…”

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confidence: 99%

Structural colour in Chondrus crispus

Chandler

Wilts

Vignolini

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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The marine world is incredibly rich in brilliant and intense colours. Photonic structures are found in many different species and provide extremely complex optical responses that cannot be achieved solely by pigments. In this study we examine the cuticular structure of the red alga Chondrus crispus (Irish Moss) using anatomical and optical approaches. We experimentally measure the optical response of the multilayer structure in the cuticle. Using finite-difference time-domain modelling, we demonstrate conclusively for the first time that the dimensions and organisation of lamellae are responsible for the blue structural colouration on the surface of the fronds. Comparison of material along the apical-basal axis of the frond demonstrates that structural colour is confined to the tips of the thalli and show definitively that a lack of structural colour elsewhere corresponds with a reduction in the number of lamellae and the regularity of their ordering. Moreover, by studying the optical response for different hydration conditions, we demonstrate that the cuticular structure is highly porous and that the presence of water plays a critical role in its ability to act as a structural light reflector.

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“…One virus system has also been linked to structural coloration (79). In the marine environment, iridescence has been reported in crabs (49), seashells (6,38), squid (68), ctenophores (76), macroalgae (21,51), and diatoms (23,45).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Iridescence of a Marine Bacterium and Classification of Prokaryotic Structural Colors

Kientz

Vukusic

Luke

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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ABSTRACTIridescence is a property of structural color that is occasionally encountered in higher eukaryotes but that has been poorly documented in the prokaryotic kingdom. In the present work, we describe a marine bacterium, identified asCellulophaga lytica, isolated from the surface of an anemone, that exhibits bright green iridescent colonies under direct epi-illumination. This phenomenon has not previously been investigated in detail. In this study, color changes ofC. lyticacolonies were observed at various angles of direct illumination or observation. Its iridescent green appearance was dominant on various growth media. Red and violet colors were also discerned on colony edges. RemarkableC. lyticabacterial iridescence was revealed and characterized using high-resolution optical spectrometry. In addition to this, by culturing other bacterial strains to which various forms of faintly iridescent traits have previously been attributed, we identify four principal appearance characteristics of structural color in prokaryotes. A new general classification of bacterial iridescence is therefore proposed in this study. Furthermore, a specific separate class is described for iridescentC. lyticastrains because they exhibit what is so far a unique intense glitter-like iridescence in reflection.C. lyticais the first prokaryote discovered to produce the same sort of intense iridescence under direct illumination as that associated with higher eukaryotes, like some insects and birds. Due to the nature of bacterial biology, cultivation, and ubiquity, this discovery may be of significant interest for both ecological and nanoscience endeavors.

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Iridescent bodies of Cystoseira stricta Sauvageau (Phaeophyta, Fucales): their fine structure, development and nature in vegetative cells

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Structural Color in Marine Algae

Structural Color in Marine Algae

Structural colour in Chondrus crispus

Iridescence of a Marine Bacterium and Classification of Prokaryotic Structural Colors

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