IRAS 18059-3211 - Optically known as 'Gomez's Hamburger'

Ruíz, M. T.; Blanco, V. M.; Maza, J.; Heathcote, Steve; Phillips, A. P.; Kawara, Kimiaki; Anguita, C.; Hamuy, M.; Gómez, A.

doi:10.1086/184884

Cited by 16 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…The relevant parameters are: the total luminosity (obtained from integration of the SED, but dependent on the anisotropy of the dust-processed radiation, see below), the central mass (from the nebula rotation), and the stellar surface temperature (see discussion on the stellar type accuracy by Berné et al 2009). If the stellar type is slightly less early than proposed by Ruiz et al (1987), a distance of about 300 pc is consistent with all existing data. These smaller values of distance yield a slightly smaller linear radius for the disk, in closer agreement with results found for similar objects.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…GoHam was originally proposed to be a post-AGB nebula (Ruiz et al 1987). However, high-resolution CO maps (Bujarrabal et al 2008, hereafter, Paper I) were used to demonstrate that the nebula is almost exactly in Keplerian rotation, around the symmetry axis clearly identifiable in its image.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SED observations of GoHam are quite complete (Ruiz et al 1987), but the estimate of the luminosity requires us to introduce significant corrections due to the extreme viewing angle of the source and the strong disk opacity at short wavelengths (see Paper I). For the distance assumed here, we can expect a luminosity of ∼15 L with an uncertainty of about a factor 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The physical conditions in Gomez's Hamburger (IRAS 18059-3211), a pre-MS rotating disk

Bujarrabal¹,

Young²,

Castro-Carrizo³

2009

A&A

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Aims. We aim to study the structure, dynamics, and physical conditions of Gomez's Hamburger (IRAS 18059-3211; GoHam), and in particular confirm that GoHam mainly consists of a flaring disk in Keplerian rotation around a young, probably pre-MS star. Methods. We present high resolution SMA maps of 12 CO J = 2−1, 13 CO J = 2−1, 12 CO J = 3−2, and C 17 O J = 3−2, as well as data on 12 CO J = 6−5 and the continuum flux at these wavelengths. Spatial resolutions as high as 1 are attained. Except for the C 17 O data, the dynamical ranges are larger than 10. The maps are compared with a numerical model, which simulates the emission of a rotating disk with the expected general properties of such objects, and a very satisfactory fitting of our maps is obtained. The meaning and reliability of our results are thoroughly discussed. Results. Our observations allow measurement of the main properties of GoHam on scales of between ∼1 (∼5 × 10 15 cm, for the assumed distance, 300 pc) and the total extent of the nebula, 14 . We are able to measure the global structure of the gas-rich disk, which is found to be flaring, and its dynamics, which is clearly dominated by Keplerian rotation, with a small degree of turbulence. The combination of different lines, in particular of different opacities, allows us to estimate reasonably the distributions of gas temperature and density. We clearly find a significant and sharp increase in temperature at large distances from the equator, accompanied by a decrease in density of the same order. Finally, we identify a condensation in the southern part of the disk that has no counterparts in the northern nebula. This condensation is quite extended (about 5 × 10 15 cm), contains a significant amount of mass (roughly, ∼6 × 10 −3 M ), and seems to be associated with a detectable distortion of the global rotation kinematics. We discuss several possible interpretations of that feature.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The physical conditions in Gomez's Hamburger (IRAS 18059-3211), a pre-MS rotating disk

Bujarrabal¹,

Young²,

Castro-Carrizo³

2009

A&A

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“…When first studied by Ruiz et al (1987), it was classified as an evolved object (post-AGB star) on the basis of its spectral type and the presence of dust. However, all recent studies (Bujarrabal et al 2008(Bujarrabal et al , 2009Wood et al 2008;De Beck et al 2010) clearly indicate that it is a young A star surrounded by a protoplanetary disk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Very Large Telescope observations of Gomez’s Hamburger: Insights into a young protoplanet candidate

Berné

Fuente

Pantin

et al. 2015

A&A

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Planets are thought to form in the gas and dust disks around young stars. In particular, it has been proposed that giant planets can form through the gravitational instability of massive extended disks around intermediate-mass stars. However, we still lack direct observations to constrain this mechanism. We have spatially resolved the 8.6 and 11.2 μm emission of a massive protoplanetary disk seen edge on around an A star, Gomez's Hamburger (GoHam), using VISIR at the Very Large Telescope. A compact region situated at a projected distance of 350 ± 50 AU south of the central star is found to have a reduced emission. This asymmetry is fully consistent with the presence of a cold density structure, or clump, identified in earlier CO observations, and we derive physical characteristics consistent with those observations: a mass of 0.8−11.4 Jupiter masses (for a dust-to-gas mass ratio of 0.01), a radius of about 10 2 astronomical units, and a local density of about 10 7 cm −3 . Based on this evidence, we argue that this clump, which we call GoHam b, is a promising candidate for a young protoplanet formed by gravitational instability that might be representative of the precursors of massive planets observed around A stars, such as HR 8799 or Beta pictoris. More detailed studies at high angular resolution are needed to better constrain the physical properties of this object to confirm this proposal.

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“…Gomez's Hamburger (IRAS 18059-3211; hereafter GoHam) is a southern nebula with a very spectacular appearance in the optical (see Ruiz et al 1987, and HST images in press release number 2002/19): an obscuring lane separates two flat, bright regions, presumably illuminated by a central star that remains hidden by the equatorial disk. The nebula was originally identified on a plate by A. Gómez, in 1985.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gomez's Hamburger (IRAS 18059-3211): a pre main-sequence A-type star

Bujarrabal

Young

Fong

2008

A&A

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Aims. We study the nature of Gomez's Hamburger (IRAS 18059-3211; GoHam), a nebula that has been proposed to be a post-AGB object. Such a classification has not been confirmed; instead, we argue that it will be a key object in the study of disks rotating around young stars. Methods. We present high-resolution SMA maps of CO J = 2−1 in Gomez's Hamburger. The data are analyzed by means of a code that simulates the emission of a nebula showing a variety of physical conditions and kinematics. Results. Our observations clearly show that the CO emitting gas in Gomez's Hamburger forms a spectacular disk in keplerian rotation. Model calculations undoubtly confirm this result. The central (mainly stellar) mass is found to be high, ∼4 M for a distance of 500 pc. The mass and (relatively low) luminosity of the source are, independent of the assumed distance, very different from those possible in evolved stars. This object is probably transitional between the pre-MS and MS phases, still showing interstellar material around the central star or stellar system.

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IRAS 18059-3211 - Optically known as 'Gomez's Hamburger'

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

The physical conditions in Gomez's Hamburger (IRAS 18059-3211), a pre-MS rotating disk

The physical conditions in Gomez's Hamburger (IRAS 18059-3211), a pre-MS rotating disk

Very Large Telescope observations of Gomez’s Hamburger: Insights into a young protoplanet candidate

Gomez's Hamburger (IRAS 18059-3211): a pre main-sequence A-type star

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