Iraqi E-Voting System Based on Smart Contract Using Private Blockchain Technology

Jumaa, Maral Hassan; Shakir, Ahmed Chalak

doi:10.31449/inf.v46i6.4241

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Though this scheme mitigates the limitations of unlinkability, forward secrecy, anonymity, and untraceability properties compared to other recent schemes, still it faces limitations of secure key distribution and implementations in a decentralized architecture. In 2022, Jumaa et al [16] proposed a lightweight elliptic curve cryptography(ECC) based e-voting scheme using public blockchain to enhance security mechanisms in Iraq by implementing biometric registration mechanism, QR code, synchronized e-voting models, SHA-256 hashing, PoW consensus, and efficient mining schemes with two or three leading zeroes. However, this scheme is still unable to mitigate 51% attack, high energy consumption, and double voting problems.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“….P is also generated using private keys (q V. ,q P V. and q A ) and random values (r V. and r P V. ) in a ECDH based environment for communication between the registered voter and validator using the session based communication that is valid for ∆ T only. So, several authentication, authorization, validation, and robust ECDHbased keys are generated for both the participating voter and candidates to gain access in the ECC-EXONUM-eVOTING application and preserve the accessibility of Merkle tree and computing power of the 51 % or 34 % peer nodes from malicious access [16,20,21,37,38,40,41]. So it is capable of defending both 51 % and 34 % of attacks.…”

Section: % and 34% Attacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ECC-EXONUM-eVOTING: A Novel Signature-Based e-Voting Scheme Using Blockchain and Zero Knowledge Property

Majumder,

Ray,

Sadhukhan

et al. 2024

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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Traditional voting systems mainly comprise of paper polling, electronic ballot system (EVM), mechanical devices, etc., and demand the physical presence of the voters. In the new age of digitization, the electronic voting system has come up with a unique facility to cast votes from any discreet place. However, the e-voting system has to face several challenges regarding security and privacy. To overcome such obstructions, blockchain is introduced in e-voting applications that preserve anonymity, security, and consistency of voter-related information with the help of Merkle tree and hash digest. Hence, any discrepancy can immediately be detected whenever the hash values of the respective block have been modified and consequently, the whole block is discarded. In this research, a novel e-voting scheme is proposed following the decentralized service-oriented architecture of Exonum private blockchain, hybrid consensus algorithm, and Elliptic Curve Diffie-Helmen (ECDH) protocol to agree upon a secure session key among different participants. Moreover, the proposed scheme (ECC-EXONUM-eVOTING) employs a zero-knowledge protocol and is customized to work over idemix technologies with a blind signature scheme. Numerous well-known cryptographic attacks are analyzed formally using the probabilistic random oracle model and informally for validating the security strength of ECC-EXONUM-eVOTING. As a result, it is found that the proposed scheme is well-defended against all potential security concerns. Furthermore, the scheme is simulated using both Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) and Scyther tools to demonstrate the proposed scheme is not prone to any security attacks. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed scheme is well-suited for secure e-voting applications.INDEX TERMS Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP), Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant (PBFT).

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Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: % and 34% Attacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

ECC-EXONUM-eVOTING: A Novel Signature-Based e-Voting Scheme Using Blockchain and Zero Knowledge Property

Majumder,

Ray,

Sadhukhan

et al. 2024

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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“…It is essential to understand that the existing relationships between ASes and customers reveal as additional technique in the current security mechanism. Figure 2, shows the blockchain architecture that include three key components [16]. ASes: -Distributes any blacklisted or white listed IP address, and further recover lists holding the available IP address, and also execute DDoS security mechanism.…”

Section: Blockchain Structure Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detect and Mitigate Blockchain-Based DDoS Attacks Using Machine Learning and Smart Contracts

Aljanabi

Majeed

Jihad

et al. 2022

IJCAI

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The key target of Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks is to interrupt and suspend any available online services either executed for professional or personal gains. These attacks originate from the fast advancement in the number of insecure technologies. The attacks are caused due to the easy access to internet and advent of technology resulting to exponential growth of traffic volumes. DDoS attack remains most leading security risks to provisioning services. Also, the current embraced security mechanism for defense lacks flexibility and adequate resources to combat these attacks. Hence, there is need to embrace various other critical resources, where they can share the problem of mitigation. In addition, emerging technologies for instance smart contracts and blockchain offers for the sharing of these potential attacks information in an entirely automated and distributed manner. This paper recommends for a blockchain design which combines smart contracts and Machine Learning (ML) technologies, by presenting new ideal opportunities towards efficient DDoS mitigation solutions in variety of cooperative domains. Furthermore, the key advantage and benefits of this structure is deployment of still existing distributed and public infrastructure to blacklisted IP address or even advertise white, and the application of such an infrastructure with further defense mechanisms to current attacks of DDoS, deprived of considering distribution mechanisms or specialized registries, which facilitates the implementation of procedures across diverse domains. This paper further presents the demonstration and implementation features of this blockchain structure, discussion and study findings over these smart contracts and ML technologies. The study further concludes by recommending use of smart contract in collaborative block-chain design with ML for mitigating future attack of DDoS.Povzetek: Ta dokument priporoča zasnovo blockchain, ki združuje nastajajoča orodja s pametnimi pogodbami in tehnologijami strojnega učenja, ki predstavlja nove idealne priložnosti za učinkovite rešitve za ublažitev DDoS-jev na različnih področjih sodelovanja.

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“…A blockchain is a distributed system composed of growing collections of information known as blocks that are securely linked using cryptography [1]. Each block additionally carries a timestamp and the previous block's cryptographic hash.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review Study: Blockchain Application in Payroll System

Ahmed,

Shakir

2023

Al-Kitab J. Pure Sci.

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In this era, where business execution is primarily reliant on information, the sooner and more precisely it is received, the better. Blockchain is great for information sharing because it provides instant, shareable, and entirely transparent data kept in an immutable ledger that only network users with permission may access. On the blockchain network, virtually any asset may be recorded and exchanged, reducing risk and expense for all parties involved. This research focuses on blockchain payroll implementation. It is critical to employ the proper tactics to preserve and improve payroll, as blockchain technology is critical for securing the payroll system because it can move both value and information. This review paper's main point is that blockchain technology can be used to reduce overhead and administrative burden, reduce tax spending, and promote openness and accountability in a variety of situations. Blockchain challenges to the payroll system and implementation issues have been highlighted. Given the quantity and complexity of blockchain issues, many of the most significant blockchain roadblocks are characteristic of any new technology's growing pains. The benefits and challenges of using blockchain technology in payroll procedures were discussed after the study. It was determined that doing so would make all employee records and employer payments matching instantly available at the minute level to various governmental organizations. At a fraction of the cost of current payroll compliance utilizing a fiat cryptocurrency, a blockchain payroll application will provide quick payroll compliance. A blockchain framework that is approved for use with payroll systems and is encrypted using the high-efficiency encryption algorithm to ensure its high security will need to be designed and evaluated.

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Iraqi E-Voting System Based on Smart Contract Using Private Blockchain Technology

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

ECC-EXONUM-eVOTING: A Novel Signature-Based e-Voting Scheme Using Blockchain and Zero Knowledge Property

ECC-EXONUM-eVOTING: A Novel Signature-Based e-Voting Scheme Using Blockchain and Zero Knowledge Property

Detect and Mitigate Blockchain-Based DDoS Attacks Using Machine Learning and Smart Contracts

Review Study: Blockchain Application in Payroll System

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