Iran’s trade policy of Asianization and de-Europeanization under sanctions

Esfahani, Mohammad Nasre; Rasoulinezhad, Ehsan

doi:10.1108/jes-05-2016-0101

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…We calculated CD test only for time-variant variables in our gravity equation because of CD test unable to define in case of time-invariant variables (Esfahani & Rasoulinezhad, 2017;. Based on the result of Pesaran's (2004) CD test, shown in Table 3, the null hypothesis (no CD in residuals) can be strongly rejected at the 5% level.…”

Section: Panel Cross-section Dependence (Cd) Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

An empirical analysis of Pakistan’s bilateral trade and trade potential with China: A gravity model approach

Irshad

Xin

Arshad

2018

Cogent Economics & Finance

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The decades-long history of friendly relationship in both countries bore the fruits in the form of Pakistan-China free-trade agreement (PCFTA) in 2006. This paper aims to estimate Pakistan's bilateral trade potential with China by employing gravity model of trade in a panel data set covering the period 1992-2015. In an attempt to obtain unbiased results we have utilized various estimation methods as suggested by the recent empirical literature on gravity equation to acquire the maximum variation in results. The results from EGLS, REM, two-stage EGLS, GMM, Tobit and PPML have shown that Pakistan' bilateral trade with all FTA partner countries is positively affected by GDPs, religion, WTO, trade openness in both countries and the common border; whereas negatively affected by geographical distance and inflation. It is also stated that common language and (Trade Agreements) PTA found to be pessimistically exaggerated bilateral trade of Pakistan with FTA partners. The overall PTA effect is negative and highly significant albeit we have found immense trade potential of Pakistan in case of China by most of the estimation techniques. The industry of Pakistan and exporters should adopt new measures to boost and diversify the exports to China and to bring about a reasonable equality in mutual trading relations.

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Section: Panel Cross-section Dependence (Cd) Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

An empirical analysis of Pakistan’s bilateral trade and trade potential with China: A gravity model approach

Irshad

Xin

Arshad

2018

Cogent Economics & Finance

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“…In addition to changing the energy supply and prices, economic sanctions could also affect China's energy trading partnerships. This occurs when, due to the unavailability of energy products from Iran or other Persian Gulf countries, China ends up requiring a significant amount of time to develop new import sources, shifting its trading partnerships to other countries that have spare oil production capacity, such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Russia, or Venezuela [64,65].…”

Section: Diagnosing the Impact Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do International Conflicts Impact China’s Energy Security and Economic Growth? A Case Study of the US Economic Sanctions on Iran

Cui

2021

Sustainability

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International conflicts cause global energy price fluctuations and supply disruptions, which can threaten energy security and economic growth in energy-importing countries, including China. However, the implications and impact mechanisms of international conflicts on the energy security and economy of oil-importing countries have been poorly explored. Using US economic sanctions on Iran as a case, a global energy-extended computable general equilibrium model, GTAP-E, is employed to assess the impacts of international conflicts on China’s energy production, trade and supply, sectoral outputs, and economic growth. The results indicate that the USA–Iran tension would threaten China’s energy security, mainly due to the instability of the energy supply and the consequent upsurge of energy prices. However, if increased oil exports from other Persian Gulf countries compensate for the global oil supply shortages, China’s energy supply would be generally assured. Moreover, because of the close energy cooperation links between Iran and China, the sanctions could decrease the Chinese outputs of non-energy sectors and economic growth. Nevertheless, compared with sole-sanction situations, the results from a possible USA–Iran tension escalation, going as far as Iran’s closure of the Hormuz Strait, could pose a more serious risk to China’s energy security and economic growth.

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“…The findings showed that the trade pattern relies on the Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) pattern. Nasre Esfahani and Rasoulinezhad (2017) analysed trade integration pattern of Iran under sanctions by using the gravity theory. They explored the trade integration pattern of Asianization and de-Europeanization of Iran under sanctions' circumstances.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to the extant literature on the gravity model, we employed a panel cointegration estimator called the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) to examine the BRICS's bilateral trade patterns within the gravity-trade framework. With regard to the selection of the FMOLS, it should be noted that despite dissimilar views of the estimation of panel cointegration e.g., Pedroni (1996Pedroni ( , 2001, who suggest using the FMOLS estimator; Fixed Effects by Cheng and Wall (2005) and Anderson and Wincoop (2003); and the Random Effects by Soren, Behnhard, and Glauben (2014), a number of studies such as those by Fidrmuc (2009), Rasoulinezhad and Kang (2016), Popova and Rasoulinezhad (2016), Nasre Esfahani and Rasoulinezhad (2017) and Rasoulinezhad (2017) proved the similarity of panel cointegration estimators' results.…”

Section: B Gravity-trade Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do BRICS Countries Have Similar Trade Integration Patterns?

Rasoulinezhad

Jabalameli

2018

Journal of Economic Integration

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This study explores the similarities of trade integrations in the BRICS member countries. Using time series data from 2001 to 2015 and employing the Panel-Gravity trade model approach, we utilized the separate disaggregated trade data of manufactured goods and raw materials of each BRICS member with United Nations-defined regional groups: the African group, the Asia Pacific group, the Eastern European group, the Latin American and Caribbean group, and the Western European. The analysis results revealed that Russia's manufactured goods and raw material trade integration based on the Heckscher-Ohlin framework with these five regional groups is not similar to that of other BRICS members following the Linder hypothesis. Furthermore, the dominance of China in total trade flows of BRICS has made the Chinese Yuan's effects on trade with partners from different groups stronger than other BRICS members' national currencies impacts. Geographical distance as a proxy for transportation cost has a weaker negative effect on the manufactured goods and raw materials trade patterns of China and India than it does on other countries, creating dissimilarity in the trade patterns of BRICS countries.

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Iran’s trade policy of Asianization and de-Europeanization under sanctions

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

An empirical analysis of Pakistan’s bilateral trade and trade potential with China: A gravity model approach

An empirical analysis of Pakistan’s bilateral trade and trade potential with China: A gravity model approach

How Do International Conflicts Impact China’s Energy Security and Economic Growth? A Case Study of the US Economic Sanctions on Iran

Do BRICS Countries Have Similar Trade Integration Patterns?

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