IRAK2, an Immune and Radiation-Response Gene, Correlates with Advanced Disease Features but Predicts Higher Post-Irradiation Local Control in Non-Metastatic and Resected Oral Cancer Patients

Abstract

Gene Ontology (GO) analysis can provide a comprehensive function analysis for investigating genes, allowing us to identify the potential biological roles of genes. The present study conducted GO analysis to explore the biological function of IRAK2 and performed a case analysis to define its clinical role in disease progression and mediating tumor response to RT. Methods: We performed a GO enrichment analysis on the RNA-seq data to validate radiation-induced gene expression. A total of 172 I-IVB specimens from oral squamous cell carcinoma patients were collected for clinical analysis, from which IRAK2 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. This was a retrospective study conducted between IRAK2 expression and the outcomes of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients after radiotherapy treatment. We conducted Gene Ontology (GO) analysis to explore the biological function of IRAK2 and performed a case analysis to define its clinical role in mediating tumor response to radiotherapy. GO enrichment analysis to validate radiation-induced gene expression was performed. Clinically, 172 stage I-IVB resected oral cancer patients were used to validate IRAK2 expression in predicting clinical outcomes. GO enrichment analysis showed that IRAK2 is involved in 10 of the 14 most enriched GO categories for post-irradiation biological processes, focusing on stress response and immune modulation. Clinically, high IRAK2 expression was correlated with adverse disease features, including pT3-4 status (p = 0.01), advanced overall stage (p = 0.02), and positive bone invasion (p = 0.01). In patients who underwent radiotherapy, the IRAK2-high group was associated with reduced post-irradiation local recurrence (p = 0.025) compared to the IRAK2-low group. IRAK2 plays a crucial role in the radiation-induced response. Patients with high IRAK2 expression demonstrated more advanced disease features but predicted higher post-irradiation local control in a clinical setting. These findings support IRAK2 as a potential predictive biomarker for radiotherapy response in non-metastatic and resected oral cancer patients.

Peptidylarginine Deiminase Type 2 Predicts Tumor Progression and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Curatively Resected Biliary Tract Cancer

“…As described previously [21][22][23], paraffin sections were deparaffinized and rehydrated [28][29][30]. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was conducted using a Super Sensi-tive™ Polymer-HRP IHC detection system (Biogenex, San Ramon, CA, USA).…”

Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 2 promotes inflammatory reactions by activating the nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy

“…Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 2 (IRAK2) is a member of the IRAK family that regulates various inflammatory signaling pathways [ 6 ]. Previous studies have suggested that the IRAK family may contribute to inflammation in patients with diabetes mellitus.…”