“…Consequently, a nondestructive method to investigate the transformation of carbon content during the composting process is desired. Both 13C NMR and FTIR are reliable methods for characterization of soil HS (Gerasimowicz and Byler, 1985;Inbar, 1989;Inbar et al, 1989Inbar et al, , 1990Lehtovaara et al, 1988;Lobartini and Tan, 1988). While the 13C NMR technique creats a C "fingerprint" of solid samples, FTIR usually serves as a qualitative tool for characterization of the chemical groups of organic matter .…”