(Ir)relevance of Gender?

Reich-Stiebert, Natalia; Eyssel, Friederike Anne

doi:10.1145/2909824.3020242

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Regarding gender perceptions, many languages assign grammatical gender classes to nouns [24]. As stated already by other research on the topic of gender in HRI [15], this also applies to the word robot which is assigned a masculine grammatical gender in the German language. Even though the previous study used the grammatically neuter description "the system" [18], the mental linkage of the masculine word "the robot" might have been prevalent.…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 72%

“…As the aforementioned studies exemplify, gendering robots is often justified by assumed beneficial effects on the expectations on part of the human, for example that female robots are associated with higher emotional intelligence [14]. However, also a mismatch between robot gender and gender stereotype of the task offers the opportunity to facilitate HRI [15]. More precisely, the willingness to engage in a learning process can be higher if the robot gender is the opposite of the stereotype of the learning task (e.g., literature as stereotypically female and mathematics as a stereotypically male task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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(Hu)man-Like Robots: The Impact of Anthropomorphism and Language on Perceived Robot Gender

Roesler

Heuring

Onnasch

2023

Int J of Soc Robotics

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Implementing anthropomorphic features to robots is a frequently used approach to create positive perceptions in human–robot interaction. However, anthropomorphism does not always lead to positive consequences and might trigger a more gendered perception of robots. More precisely, anthropomorphic features of robots seem to evoke a male-robot bias. Yet, it is unclear if this bias is induced via a male appearance of higher anthropomorphic robots, a general male-technology bias, or even due to language aspects. As the word robot is differently grammatically gendered in different languages, this might be associated with the representation of robot gender. To target these open questions, we investigated how the degree of anthropomorphism and the way the word robot is gendered in different languages, as well as within one language influence the perceived gender of the robot. We therefore conducted two online-studies in which participants were presented with pictures of differently anthropomorphic robots. The first study investigated two different samples from which one was conducted in German, as grammatically-gendered language, and one in English as natural gender language. We did not find significant differences between both languages. Robots with a higher degree of anthropomorphism were perceived as significantly more male than neutral or female. The second study investigated the effect of grammatically-gendered descriptions (feminine, masculine, neuter) on the perception of robots. This study revealed that masculine grammatical gender tends to reinforce a male ascription of gender-neutral robots. The results suggest that the male-robot bias found in previous studies seems to be associated with appearance of most anthropomorphic robots, and the grammatical gender the robot is referenced by.

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Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(Hu)man-Like Robots: The Impact of Anthropomorphism and Language on Perceived Robot Gender

Roesler

Heuring

Onnasch

2023

Int J of Soc Robotics

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“…Gender stereotypes have been associated with the age and sex of the individual as well as with personality traits (Chang, Lu, & Yang, 2018) or race (Brahnam & De Angeli, 2012). Likewise, the main independent variables that can induce gender stereotypes in human-computer interaction are: attitudes towards the assistant or agent (Borau et al, 2021;Wang & Young, 2014;Ghazali et al, 2018) the type of task performed by the agent (Dufour & Ehrwein Nihan, 2016), emotional intelligence (Law, Chita-Tegmark, & Scheutz, 2020;Chita-Tegmark, Lohani, & Scheutz, 2019), perceived competence (Kuchenbrandt et al, 2014;Eyssel & Hegel, 2012;Vega, et al, 2019;Reich-Stiebert & Eyssel, 2017), and perceived warmth (Kim et al, 2019;Nass, Moon, & Green, 1997;Bisconti & Perugia, 2021;Ahn, Kim, & Sung, 2022). Thus, while female-gendered technology is mainly associated with warmth (Neuteboom & de Graaf, 2021), communal traits (Eyssel & Hegel, 2012), and affective trust (Bernotat, Eyssel, & Sachse, 2019), male-gendered technology is associated with competence (Pfeuffer et al, 2019), agentic traits (Eyssel & Hegel, 2012), and cognitive trust (Bernotat, Eyssel & Sachse, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As gender affects the way agents are perceived (Lee, 2003), both women and men are more focused in solving correctly different tasks for the opposite virtual agent gender (Lee, 2003;Reich-Stiebert & Eyssel, 2017). Men are more likely to be persuaded by female agents and find them trustworthy (Lee, 2003), while females could perceive a male agent in a similar way to the female one (Guo et al, 2020).…”

Section: Technology and Gender Stereotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is technology gender neutral? A systematic literature review on gender stereotypes attached to artificial intelligence

Craiut¹,

Iancu²

2022

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Artificial Intelligence implies computer systems capable of mimicking human-like intelligence and competencies. In the nowadays society it is an exciting topic, thus, technology’s gender features and roles are of great interest as well. As the literature is still scarce and inconsistent, the present paper aims to develop a systematic literature review on gender stereotypes attached to technology (virtual assistants and robots). The main goals are to emphasize the labels given to technology from a gender perspective, the perceived competencies of the gendered technology, the most relevant variables responsible for the way gender issues are perceived in connection with technology, and the proposed solutions for diminishing the technology gender stereotypes. Forty-five scientific papers have been selected and analyzed. Findings suggest that the most intelligent technologies are designed as females, male-gendered technology performs better in task-solving, and users’ age and technology’s visual representation are important variables in perception.

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“…For example, there is already mounting evidence that AI and machine learning can embed stereotypes, or discriminate against women, trans, or non-binary people, if not designed and evaluated carefully [115,119,125,154]. There have been gender issues noted in the interaction with robots [184], and in user reactions to gendered robot designs [160]; however, there is also research indicating that robot gender does not play a role [169]. Voice user interfaces are being designed that are based on stereotyped gender roles which reinforce the existing power structures [92].…”

Section: Discussion and Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-Inclusive HCI Research and Design: A Conceptual Review

Stumpf¹,

Peters²,

Bardzell³

et al. 2020

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Previous research has investigated gender and its implications for HCI. We consider inclusive design of technology whatever the gender of its users of particular importance. This conceptual review provides an overview of the motivations that have driven research in gender and inclusive HCI design. We review the empirical evidence for the impact of gender in thinking and behavior which underlies HCI research and design. We then present how HCI design might inadvertently embed and perpetuate gender stereotypes. We then present current HCI design approaches to tackle gender stereotypes and to produce gender-inclusive designs. We conclude by discussing possible future directions in this area.

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(Ir)relevance of Gender?

Cited by 33 publications

References 42 publications

(Hu)man-Like Robots: The Impact of Anthropomorphism and Language on Perceived Robot Gender

(Hu)man-Like Robots: The Impact of Anthropomorphism and Language on Perceived Robot Gender

Is technology gender neutral? A systematic literature review on gender stereotypes attached to artificial intelligence

Gender-Inclusive HCI Research and Design: A Conceptual Review

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