IQOS – a heat-not-burn (HnB) tobacco product – chemical composition and possible impact on oxidative stress and inflammatory response. A systematic review

Kopa, Paulina; Pawliczak, Rafał

doi:10.1080/15376516.2019.1669245

Cited by 43 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…* p < 0.05 compared to control cells. combustion processes (Kopa and Pawliczak, 2020) and, therefore, can be directly linked to the relative amounts of carbonyls and PAHs measured in HTP and cigarette smoke emissions (Figs. 2 and 3).…”

Section: Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the chemical composition of aerosols from heated tobacco products, electronic cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes and their toxic impacts on the human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells

Dusautoir

Zarcone

Verriele

et al. 2021

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the chemical composition of aerosols from heated tobacco products, electronic cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes and their toxic impacts on the human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells

Dusautoir

Zarcone

Verriele

et al. 2021

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Therefore, ultrafine powders of heavy metal contaminants may be carried easily by mainstream smoke including also passive diffusion for which has been also established acute adverse effect on respiratory function for active or passive smokers. [67] Actually, these toxic elements belonging to heavy metals can easily reach the pulmonary system for which has been detected in highest amount in smokers than those in nonsmokers. [68] By comparing the particle contaminants with the smoked filter at mouthpiece side (Figure 5c), metal inorganic elements increased in size in particular for T-cigarettes in which the macro-objects unfortunately were still observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct imaging evidences of metal inorganic contaminants traced into cigarettes

Matassa

Cattaruzza

Sandorfi

et al. 2021

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Today, environmental health research of adverse hybrid materials diffused by cigarette represents a new challenge for identifying new health risks directly related to the specific micro-sized materials in terms of their morpho-chemical features. Distinctive assumptions about the origin, the evolution? growth, and the functionalization of toxic elusive particles have been proposed by scientific research to attend the relevant toxicological aspects of observable behaviors. Therefore, direct morpho-chemical observations of the toxic hybrid particles are the most important factor for showing their adverse effects. Here, we report how metal inorganic particles, identified in three micrometric regions of the cigarette, evolve in their chemical size distributions into a self-assembled agglomerates ranging from ultrafine powder to large micrometric complex before and after smoking. Detailed morpho-chemical investigation on these metal inorganic materials interacting with cigarette components, quantified in situ through electron microscopy techniques, has been performed for one traditional and two heat-not-burn cigarettes of three different brands. The experimental informations gathered allowed us to figure out the evolution of the particles from the early stage (before smoking) to the final (after smoking) assembled in hazardous large agglomerates chemically manipulated and delivered by particles heat carrier, the smoke. In particular, our work shows the dual role of the adverse smoke, generated by burning and heating processes, capable of growing multi-elemental macro-aggregates and of transporting the toxic pollutants, thereby the diffusing of contaminants in the natural environmental is independent from the safety engineered features adopted by tobacco company. The reported results represent a valuable background toward the full comprehension of evolution of the toxic materials into cigarettes responsible of altering and destroying the already contaminated nature, especially for human health.

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“…The CDC established that smoking is a risk factor for developing severe COVID infection [27] [16,20,22,25,[31][32][33]) and 4 (Ref. [34][35][36][37][38][39]) aim to actively compare the pathophysiological effects of smoking and vaping.…”

Section: Literature Review Comparing Pathophysiological Changes Between Smokers and Vapersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaping and subsequent comorbidities potentially associated with increased mortality and more severe illness in COVID-19: a narrative review

2021

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Introduction: COVID-19 (or COVID) is a highly virulent viral disease which more frequently presents severe infection in specific populations, such as the elderly, patients with hypertension, patients with respiratory disease, and patients who smoke. The effects vaping (i.e., an electronic cigarette or JUUL device) has on COVID progression remains unclear, because there is an information paucity correlating e-cigarette use and COVID. This review sought to identify links between vape use and COVID severity via literature review. Additionally, because there is more widespread information about cigarette smoking than about vaping, this review sought to illustrate commonalities between smoking and vaping. If smoking and vaping are deemed near-identical practices, then it is possible the effects of smoking on human health and on COVID disease could be comparable in vaping. Methods: Several searches were performed on PubMed with MeSH headings and JSTOR between 17 December 2020 and 22 December 2020. Search results were excluded if they were not trials or controlled clinical trials, if the articles were not about COVID, if the articles were about smoking behaviors or habits, or if the articles were not related to vaping or smoking. Key findings were summarized and tabled based on relevance, substantiability, and applicability to COVID. Results: Multiple sources viewed smoking and vaping as equal risk factors for COVID disease, whereas other sources viewed the two as unique risk factors. Because of this controversy, it is challenging to view the two practices as similar enough to pose equivalent risks for COVID. Both practices pose significant health risks to its users, but these health risks are unique to each practice. Discussion: There are several limitations which exacerbate ambiguity—(1) it is unclear how harmful smoking is for COVID patients, because several publications found smoking may have protective effects; (2) few older patients vape, but yet most severe COVID cases occur in older populations; (3) older patients and impoverished patients show a statistically significant risk for severe COVID disease independent of other factors; (4) vaping is a relatively new practice, and there are few patients who self-report long-term e-cigarette use or long-term adverse effects as a result thereof. Conclusion: Although vaping may present serious health risks, clinically, it is uncertain how significantly vaping affects COVID disease, especially when compared against cigarette smoking. More research is needed on both the effects of vaping on COVID and the likeness of vaping versus smoking.

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IQOS – a heat-not-burn (HnB) tobacco product – chemical composition and possible impact on oxidative stress and inflammatory response. A systematic review

Cited by 43 publications

References 32 publications

Comparison of the chemical composition of aerosols from heated tobacco products, electronic cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes and their toxic impacts on the human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells

Comparison of the chemical composition of aerosols from heated tobacco products, electronic cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes and their toxic impacts on the human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells

Direct imaging evidences of metal inorganic contaminants traced into cigarettes

Vaping and subsequent comorbidities potentially associated with increased mortality and more severe illness in COVID-19: a narrative review

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