Iqbal and Karbala

Abstract

This article seeks to illumine the trope of Karbala within the writings of Muhammad Iqbal, a 20th-century thinker, who carried forward in various forms, and through qualifications, the Sufi readings of Karbala in order to mount his socioreligious reform agenda. It also explores how the work of Iqbal has become central for the re-emplotment of Karbala across diverse intellectual traditions. Key WordsIn AH 61/CE 680, on the tenth day ( āshūra) of the first Islamic month (Muharram), Husayn b. Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, was Cultural Dynamics 13(3):