Ipsilesional Mu Rhythm Desynchronization and Changes in Motor Behavior Following Post Stroke BCI Intervention for Motor Rehabilitation

Abstract

Loss of motor function is a common deficit following stroke insult and often manifests as persistent upper extremity (UE) disability which can affect a survivor’s ability to participate in activities of daily living. Recent research suggests the use of brain–computer interface (BCI) devices might improve UE function in stroke survivors at various times since stroke. This randomized crossover-controlled trial examines whether intervention with this BCI device design attenuates the effects of hemiparesis, encourages reorganization of motor related brain signals (EEG measured sensorimotor rhythm desynchronization), and improves movement, as measured by the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). A sample of 21 stroke survivors, presenting with varied times since stroke and levels of UE impairment, received a maximum of 18–30 h of intervention with a novel electroencephalogram-based BCI-driven functional electrical stimulator (EEG-BCI-FES) device. Driven by spectral power recordings from contralateral EEG electrodes during cued attempted grasping of the hand, the user’s input to the EEG-BCI-FES device modulates horizontal movement of a virtual cursor and also facilitates concurrent stimulation of the impaired UE. Outcome measures of function and capacity were assessed at baseline, mid-therapy, and at completion of therapy while EEG was recorded only during intervention sessions. A significant increase in r-squared values [reflecting Mu rhythm (8–12 Hz) desynchronization as the result of attempted movements of the impaired hand] presented post-therapy compared to baseline. These findings suggest that intervention corresponds with greater desynchronization of Mu rhythm in the ipsilesional hemisphere during attempted movements of the impaired hand and this change is related to changes in behavior as a result of the intervention. BCI intervention may be an effective way of addressing the recovery of a stroke impaired UE and studying neuromechanical coupling with motor outputs.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02098265.

Electroencephalography Mu Rhythm Changes and Decreased Spasticity After Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation in Patients Following Stroke

“…Time–frequency plots were drawn using time windows from −4 to 7 s. The baseline period was from −3.5 to −2.5 s before the cue onset. The frequency band of interest was the mu rhythm (8–12 Hz) frequency band ( 33 ). We adopted channels C3 and C4 for further analysis because motor execution is reportedly associated with significantly stronger mu rhythm ERDs in C3 and C4 than in other channels ( 34 ).…”

Rehabilitation nach Schlaganfall: Durch Gehirn-Computer-Schnittstelle vermittelte funktionelle Elektrostimulation

“…Chung und Kollegen untersuchten in 2 Artikeln verschiedene Aspekte zur gleichen Studienpopulation [19,20]. Fünf Artikel gründen ihre Ergebnisse ebenfalls auf einer gemeinsamen Studienpopulation mit teilweise unterschiedlichen, teilweise sich überschneidenden Patienten [14,[21][22][23][24]. Ein kurzer Überblick der Patientenkollektive der Artikel zeigt schematisch ▶abb.…”

“…Bei den meisten Studien wurde in der Kontrollgruppe eine Scheinstimulation mittels FES (Sham-FES) durchgeführt, das heißt, es fand keine zeitliche Kopplung an die Gehirnaktivität statt. Ein Crossover-Design mit einfacher Kontrolle, die auf derselben Kohorte beruhten, wurde von diversen Artikeln berichtet [21][22][23][24]. Eine Studie hatte eine Kontrollgruppe, die Physiotherapie erhielt [26].…”

An Inter- and Intra-Subject Transfer Calibration Scheme for Improving Feedback Performance of Sensorimotor Rhythm-Based BCI Rehabilitation

“…In the intervention, the functional motor is significantly enabled by neurophysiological activity (Xu et al, 2014 ). This is an ongoing process of brain plasticity and functional recovery (Remsik et al, 2019 ). Recent studies have reported the improvement of limb movement for stroke patients using long-term sensorimotor rhythm (SMR)-BCI interventions (Ramos-Murguialday et al, 2013 ; Pichiorri et al, 2015 ; Bundy et al, 2017 ).…”