IPSAG: An IP Spectrum Aware Geographic Routing algorithm proposal for multi-hop Cognitive Radio networks

Abstract

In the recent years Cognitive Radio (CR) technology imposed itself like a very good solution to the increasing spectrum utilization. This technology recommends the development of a new radio type-a cognitive radio-endowed with intelligence that shall sense, share, and use the spectrum opportunities (SOP) of the preexisting wireless networks, that is the channels that are not used by the licensed users.A new routing algorithm for CR networks (CRN): SAGRA-Spectrum Aware Geographic based Routing Protocol is presented in the paper. As suggested by the name, the geographic, and the spectrum aware routing concepts were used together in the protocol's design. The dynamism and flexibility, characteristic to both CR and IP networks, made us compare the CR concept with the IP concept (a wireless versus wired flexible environment comparison); thus we assumed the IP routing approach for CRN. The proposed strategy is based on hop-by-hop routing, local decisions being taken by nodes according to both local information (CR node's neighborhood) and global information (the entire topology of CRN), channels availability, and destination location.

Primary User Aware k-Hop Routing for Cognitive Radio Networks

“…Current routing protocols in CRNs, however, are either static geographic (local) approaches (based on 1 hop information [5], [7], [8] or 2 hop information [6]) or static topological (global) approaches [3], [4], [12]- [19]. Local geographic approaches discover one-or two-hop neighbors and pick the best route according to the used routing metric.…”

“…On the other hand, geographic (local) routing protocols, e.g. [ LAUNCH [8] IPSAG [5] MP-JSRCA [7] SEARCH [18] CAODV [2] SPEAR [3] Coolest Path [4] Fig. 1: The tradeoff between local and global routing best one-hop neighbor from those geographically closer to the destination.…”

Comparative performance evaluation of IPSAG and HC-IPSAG Cognitive Radio routing protocols

“…This category includes two recently advanced CR protocols [3,4]. In order to route, a prior knowledge regarding nodes locations and neighbors spectrum opportunities (SOP) is needed.…”

“…In this regard we have suggested two solutions regarding the routing in CR networks (CRNs) [3,4]. The first solution, IP Spectrum Aware Geographic (IPSAG) protocol, is using the step-by-step principle to select the next-hop by taking into account the spectrum availability and node locations.…”

Enrutamiento basado en el algoritmo de Dijkstra para una red de radio cognitiva

“…Otro protocolo aplicado en CRN y que se fundamenta en el algoritmo de Dijkstra es IPSAG (IP Spectrum Aware Geographic) [16]. Este protocolo de enrutamiento reúne más posibilidades para lograr enrutamiento en tiempo real en CRN.…”