IoT Sensor Network Using ESPAR Antenna Based on Beam Scanning Method for Direction Finding

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) systems based on Internet of Things (IoT) have developed rapidly in recent years. However, interference is a major obstacle to relatively long-distance communications in such networks. It is also very complicated and challenging to fix the exact location of tags in the IoT sensor networks. To overcome these problems, in this paper, an electronic steering parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna used as a beamformer to handle the interference and extend the communication range from the sensors or tags is suggested. In addition, an efficient method, namely beam scanning (BS), is proposed to find the directions of tags. The beam scanning method (BSM) can be used for the selective beam switching (SBS) system by designing an ESPAR or array of ESPAR antennas with the help of CST studio. The antennas exhibit higher gain (8.17 dBi, 11.40 dBi) and proper radiation pattern at a particular direction. In addition, the MATLAB simulation findings indicate that the proposed BSM algorithm provides longer communication range, i.e., 25 m. In order to maximize range while avoiding interference, it is necessary to determine the direction and precise orientation of the tag in the WSN communication systems. Consequently, this work could be applied to an IoT sensor network such as an electrocardiogram system by providing better advantages such as higher localization accuracy and longer operating range.

Smart Gateway for Healthcare Networks Based on Beam Steering Technology

“…As can be seen from Figure 11 , the beam can be formed in the desired direction and produce a radiation gain of about 7 dBd (9 dBi) at the angle of the incoming wave, which results in a large SNR. This maximum radiation gain is greater than that reported in the literature [ 32 ]. Moreover, a full width at half maximum of 60° or more can be observed, so a high radiation gain can be expected in all directions by beam steering according to the estimated angle of the incoming wave.…”

Wireless Antenna Sensors for Biosimilar Monitoring Toward Cyber-Physical Systems: A Review of Current Trends and Future Prospects

“…Moreover, the integration of wireless antenna sensors with Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing technologies has enabled the development of large-scale, distributed biosimilar monitoring systems capable of collecting, processing, and analyzing data from multiple sources, yielding a more complete view of the monitored parameters [124]. These systems may be used for environmental monitoring, precision agriculture, and intelligent healthcare applications where real-time, continuous monitoring of numerous biosignals is essential for decision-making and resource allocation [125].…”