IoT: Electrocardiogram (ECG) Monitoring System

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) has many applications in the medical field. With remote-information gathering, healthcare professionals can evaluate, diagnose and treat patients in remote locations using telecommunications technology. This study aimed to develop a small-scale electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring device that will measure heart rates and waveforms and send the data in a database and a web server. An ECG acquisition device was developed using a single-lead heart rate monitor sensor and an Arduino microcontroller. A program, which will process, analyze and upload the ECG data is coded using MATLAB and C# programs. The collected information is viewed in a Graphical User Interface (GUI) display, coded using C# and in a webpage. Rapid Application Technology (RAD) was used in the methodology, which began with a quick design of the system. The hardware and software systems underwent a prototyping cycle for development. Once finished, the integration of the system is conducted to construct a complete IoT-based ECG monitoring system. For testing using t-test, a sample size of 18 and a a= 0.05 is used. Testing resulted into t-test values that lie in the non-critical zone for all ECG parameters, denoting that there is no significant difference between the gathered data. The device’s percent reliability in detecting ECG conditions such as normal sinus rhythm, sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia and flatline, is 83.33%. The percent difference for the heart rate is 0.35 %, which falls within the acceptable medical standard of 99% accuracy. The device was deemed functional and reliable.

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“…Another design for an ECG monitoring device that can also measure photoplethysmogram (PPG) and BT was reported [16]. A remote monitoring system for ECG, which is integrated into a broader IoT infrastructure, was also proposed [5]. An ECG monitoring system using low power BMD101 sensor chip was implemented [17].…”

“…A smart hospital, in contrast, is a hospital embedded with smart equipment and modern communication technology, which facilitates automatic and remote monitoring of overall health status of the resident patients using the internet of things (IoT) [5].The IoT can be defined as a network of intelligent objects, which is able to organize and share information and resources, make decision and respond to feedback [6]. This in turn makes healthcare services more reliable by lowering the pressure on the overall health system placed by the dependent and elderly individuals.…”

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“…Another article [26] develops a complex of algorithm for practical detection of ECG signals in IoT environment for continuous monitoring of ECG. In [27], IoT-based applications are developed to write and monitor of ECG, to measure heart rate and provide the graphical description of the heart rhythm, and then to send these data to the databases and web servers. ECG collecting devices cover the transmission of data on the frequency of heart attacks and Arduino microcontrollers.…”

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“…Thus, it enables energy saving in an office environment. Another IoT application example by Ortiz et al [3] that measure heart rates together with waveforms. The data is then transmitted to the website and can be viewed instantly.…”