IoT-Based Mushroom Cultivation System with Solar Renewable Energy Integration: Assessing the Sustainable Impact of the Yield and Quality

Abstract

The conventional method of mushroom cultivation can be labor-intensive and produce limited yields. Due to the humidity and temperature in the summer season, mushroom production is significantly diminished. The growth of each mushroom species depends on the consistency of care, the skill of experienced farmers, and crucial cultivation parameters such as temperature, humidity, irrigation, and exposure to sunlight. This study aims to implement an IoT-enabled cultivation system to control and monitor the environmental parameters of Indian mushroom cultivation within the proposed innovative framework, as compared to conventional methods. The IoT-based cultivation system consists of hardware components, circuit connections, software, and algorithms. This study confirms that consistent control of environmental parameters, such as temperature and relative humidity, by a dynamic climate promotes mushroom growth that is superior to conventional cultivation. Our findings reveal a substantial increase in the yield and quality of mushrooms, demonstrating the tangible advantages of applying an innovative approach. Traditional cultivation yielded an average of 4.118 kg, whereas IoT-based cultivation systems produced an average of 5.306 kg. The t-test statistic comparing yields has highlighted the significance of the observed differences with a p-value of 0.0000. The research contributions are to design and demonstrate the IoT-enabled system innovation with solar renewable energy, illustrating the effect of mushroom production and quality on the economic market analysis of mushroom cultivation in the direction of environmentally sustainable and green agricultural practices. This study’s comprehensive perspective can provide farmers, agricultural professionals, and policymakers with valuable insights regarding the future of mushroom cultivation, particularly the reduction of carbon emissions and energy consumption.

Development and Assessment of Internet of Things-Driven Smart Home Security and Automation with Voice Commands

“…The design of the IoT framework makes a substantial contribution to the domains of home automation and security, as demonstrated in this study. Integrating multiple technological aspectual components and layers [12,16,58], and encompassing user interface applications and physical hardware, the framework offers a comprehensive approach to smart home solutions. The IoT-based smart home framework introduces a groundbreaking multilayered approach, drawing inspiration from various system design domains.…”

“…IoT 2024, 5 detection, and notification systems with smart home technology offers a comprehensive security solution for everyday activities [8,10,11]. Cost optimization and facilitation are significant benefits provided by IoT-driven transformations for real-time remote-access systems [12] through cellular and Wi-Fi networks [4,6,13]. Integrating mobile access points within an IoT-driven home security system can significantly enhance the system's ability to manage energy resources and maintain robust communication with various sensors and devices.…”

“…By dynamically adjusting to the optimal positions within a home, these mobile access points ensure that the system's throughput is maximized, resulting in a more responsive and energy-efficient security network [14,15]. The integration of IoT technology and internet connectivity enables users to remotely manage and react to smart home security system functions, including appliance control, security monitoring, intrusion alert, and automation lighting control [4,6,12,16].…”

An Integrated IoT Sensor-Camera System toward Leveraging Edge Computing for Smart Greenhouse Mushroom Cultivation

“…Previous studies listed a wide range of those key parameters [13], but the two most important ones that are worth regarding are air temperature and humidity, while several studies further considered light intensity or carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels. The ideal ranges for these parameters vary depending on different mushroom species [7,37], and they can be easily, timely, and automatically observed and controlled in the greenhouse using IoT sensors, which have been widely reported in the literature as the common approach for indoor mushroom management. Alongside the development of computer vision and precision agriculture technologies, high-resolution cameras associated with AI-based image processing have been successfully applied in the mushroom industry to enhance management accuracy and efficiency [38].…”

“…Industrialized mushroom cultivation in the greenhouse offers an alternative strategy to natural cultivation to improve both the quantity and quality of mushroom production because the key environmental parameters affecting mushroom growth can be monitored and controlled. However, the traditional cultivation method based on manual monitoring, controlling, and harvesting involves time-consuming and labor-intensive work which can then increase operational costs, demanding timely, automated, cost-effective, and eco-friendly solutions for the mushroom industry [7,8].…”