IoT-Based Brain Hypothermia System Using a Fuzzy Logic Controller and Measurements by Temperature Sensors

Abstract

There is no doubt that hyperthermia can lead to permanent brain damage in patients. Several studies have shown that the use of devices to lower brain temperature reduces death rates. Here, a device for reducing brain temperature was designed and practically implemented. The device was mainly composed of Peltier cooling elements, a helmet made of plastic tubes with a suitable thermodynamic coefficient of heat absorption, cold water circulating inside the tubes (to cool the head), an Arduino Mega microcontroller, sensors for measuring the patient's temperature, and a NodeMCU ESP8266 Wi-Fi microcontroller (to analyze and display the temperature data). The patient's temperature data were then transferred via the Internet of Things (IoT) and displayed online on the Thing Speak website. Two water pumps were used, the flow rate of which was modulated using a fuzzy logic controller. The practical results showed a decrease in patient temperature to 36.5 °C within 12 min (traditional operation) and 8 min (fuzzy logic) using this device. The significance of the proposed device lies in its ability to lower brain temperature and mitigate the risk of permanent brain damage in patients. This was achieved by utilizing Peltier cooling elements, a helmet composed of plastic tubes with an appropriate thermodynamic coefficient (for efficient heat absorption), and cold water circulation (to cool the patient's head effectively). The effectiveness of the suggested method was confirmed by comparing the present results with those of previous studies.