IoT and ICT based Smart Water Management, Monitoring and Controlling System: A Review

Abstract

Water is a basic human need in all economic operations. Farmland, renewable energy, the industrial industry, and mining are all critical economic areas. Water supplies are under severe strain. With the population increase, the requirement for water from competing economic sectors is increased. So, there is not enough water left to meet human needs and maintain environmental flows that maintain the integrity of our ecosystems. Underground water is becoming depleted in many sectors, making now and future generations near the point of being deprived of protection from the increasing climate variability. Therefore, the critical role that information technology methods and internet communication technologies (ICT) play in water resources managing to limit the excessive waste of fresh water and to control and monitor water pollution. In this paper, we have to review research that uses the internet of things (IoT) as a communication technology that controls the preservation of the available amount of water and not wastes it by homeowners and farmers. In contrast, they use water, and we have also reviewed some researches that preserve water quality and reduce its pollution.

IoT-Based Water Management Systems: Survey and Future Research Direction

“…Many surveys in the literature describe the growing portfolio of water monitoring and management systems using IoT solutions. The authors of [6], [7], [8] reviewed the development of existing IoT systems for water management and quality control, including system components, communication technologies, and techniques. The authors in [9] discussed IoT applications for wastewater management and treatment in addition to the effects of human activities and their environmental impacts on the quantity and quality of water.…”

“…The harsh environment, the need to acquire data from underground wells, the elevated pressures and temperatures, and the corrosive media in the downhole pipes makes data collection and transformation using wireless communications techniques, [27] such as Bluetooth [6] WiFi [41] LoRa/LoWPAN [42] GSM [53] and GPRS [31] impractical. Implying that the only feasible solution for data transmission that can withstand the heat, pressure, moisture, corrosion, and vibration expected is optical communication technology: either wireless or wired techniques such as wired optical fiber or directed laser light.…”

Layout and Location of Water IoT Device Based on Few-Shot Reinforcement Learning

“…According to the protocol between IoT devices and platform, the sensors of IoT device collect data according to certain rules and frequencies [3]. The amount of data accumulated in each time period is basically fixed, and these data are stored in IoT devices and uniformly sent to the platform [4]. The IoT device uploads the accumulated data to the platform in increments or absolute quantities at a predetermined time every day.…”

Data Analytics, Self-Organization, and Security Provisioning for Smart Monitoring Systems

“…The environmental section has suffered from various issues and challenges related to air quality, clear and drinking water availability, and pollution [ 1 , 2 ]. Two of the significant requirements of a human being are clean and fresh air and water.…”