Iontophoretic drug delivery using the IOMED Phoresor<sup>®</sup>system

Fischer, Greg A

doi:10.1517/17425247.2.2.391

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…The electrode design assures that tear fluid does not dilute the drug solution and also provides a containment seal that keeps the drug inside the electrode. Various electrodes have been designed as per the needs, including polycarbonate, o-ring seal, silver wire, silver CDE (current distribution element) of IOMED Inc. 15 , and biocompatible planer PEDOT electrode 16 .…”

Section: Type Of Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

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Untitled

2020

IJPSR

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Iontophoresis assisted drug delivery system refers to a novel system for delivery of the drug in a non-invasive and effective manner across the skin or biological membranes by electrical assistance. Drug substances exhibiting low trans-corneal (ocular) permeability can be effectively delivered in a safe, fast, and painless manner by the employment of electric current of low intensity, which enhances permeation of drugs across the cornea and thereby, extends the duration of drug action. Fundamental principles of physics guide the technique of ocular iontophoresis that repulsion occurs between the ionic charges of the same nature, while attraction occurs between the ionic charges of opposite nature. Electrorepulsion and electro-osmotic flow are the two transport mechanisms on which ocular iontophoresis works. For the ocular delivery of the drug, there are various iontophoresis devices available in the market, e.g., Eyegate ® II and OcuPhore ® , those are the most commonly used delivery devices for this purpose, while Visulex TM is another similar system. On the basis of the site of application, ocular iontophoresis can be classified as trans-scleral and trans-corneal. This review paper is aimed to provide a comprehensive and comparative account of the development of ocular iontophoresis devices comparing their principle, factors affecting iontophoretic drug delivery, their therapeutic applications, and future prospects. INTRODUCTION: Topical ocular drug delivery with effective and adequate ocular bioavailability remains a challenging task for scientists owing to the eye"s distinctive and impervious anatomy and physiology. Various complicated and invasive routes are sometimes explored, like subconjunctival injection, periocular injection, intravitreal injection, and surgical implants for adequate and localized ocular drug bioavailability.

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Section: Type Of Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the time of drug delivery, the pad is treated by charged drug solution and kept in lower cul-de-sac or lower eyelid of the eye. This complete unit is attached to the DC generator through a flexible wire, and a return electrode is placed below the ear 15 .…”

Section: Ionto-cxl Power Generator Corneal Iontophoresismentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2020

IJPSR

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“…Iontophoretic drug delivery is generally considered safe and noninvasive such as in transdermal and ocular iontophoresis. For example, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved iontophoresis treatments such as transdermal fentanyl (Ionsys in 2015, Medicines Co., Parsippany, NJ, USA) [ 35 , 36 ] and sumatriptan (Zecuity in 2013, NuPathe/Teva) [ 37 , 38 ], topical pilocarpine for sweat stimulation (e.g., Nanoduct and Macroduct) [ 39 , 40 ], topical lidocaine for local skin anesthesia (e.g., Iontocaine and Lidosite) [ 41 , 42 ], and transtympanic lidocaine for tympanic membrane anesthesia [ 43 , 44 ]. Reverse transdermal iontophoresis for glucose monitoring was also approved [ 45 ].…”

Section: Iontophoretic Drug Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Iontophoretic Drug Delivery in the Oral Cavity

Wanasathop

2018

Pharmaceutics

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Iontophoresis is a noninvasive method to enhance systemic and local drug delivery by the application of an electric field. For systemic drug delivery in the oral cavity, iontophoresis was studied primarily for transbuccal delivery. Significant enhancement of drug delivery was observed in buccal iontophoresis compared to passive transport for different drugs. For local drug delivery in the oral cavity, iontophoresis could enhance drug penetration into the enamel, dentin, and other oral tissues for the treatment of oral diseases. Iontophoresis was evaluated in dentistry such as to produce local anesthesia and treat tooth decalcification and hypersensitivity, but this technology has not been fully utilized. The most common drugs in these evaluations were fluoride and lidocaine. In general, there is limited knowledge of the mechanisms of iontophoresis in the oral tissues. In vivo animal and human studies have suggested that iontophoresis is safe in the oral cavity under the conditions investigated. The present review covers the topics of iontophoretic drug delivery in the oral cavity for both systemic and local treatments. The anatomy and diseases in the oral cavity for iontophoretic drug delivery are also briefly reviewed, and the challenges for this drug delivery method are discussed.

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“…The first iontophoretic system to be approved by the FDA as a physical medicine was the Phoresor ™ device (Iomed Inc.) in the late 1970s . As an external stimulus, the use of an electric field has been employed successfully to enhance the amount of drug released.…”

Section: Transdermal Delivery Optimization Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%