Iontophoretic delivery of calcium for experimental hydrofluoric acid burns

Yamashita, Misuzu; Yamashita, Mamoru; Suzuki, Mikio; Hirai, Hiroyasu; Kajigaya, Hiroshi

doi:10.1097/00003246-200108000-00013

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Calcium gluconate gel (2.5%) is widely used for first aid and/or primary treatment of HF burns of the skin [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. The gel is applied promptly and repeatedly onto the burned area, up to several hours.…”

Section: Acute Hazardous Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Use of the gel may be more convenient for dilute acid burns that occur with commercial products like rust removers, aluminium cleaners using etching solutions [28]. If good relief of pain is not obtained after [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] min, alternative methods of treatment such as calcium gluconate injections or benzalkonium chloride soaks should be considered. Calcium gluconate injection (5%) is indicated for large burns (over 160 square centimeters).…”

Section: Acute Hazardous Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Possible hazardous effects of hydrofluoric acid and recommendations for treatment approach: a review

2011

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Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is commonly used for conditioning the glass ceramics either prior to cementation or for intraoral repair in prosthetic and restorative dentistry. The present study offers a review of chemical properties of HF used, highlight the possible hazardous effects of this agent, and to recommend the treatment approach for potential risks. Available published information documented in PubMed, Medline, and Picarta literature databases was reviewed. Additional information was derived from scientific reports, medical and chemical textbooks, handbooks, product information, manufacturers' instructions, Internet web sites of the HF manufacturers. No report was found on the incidence of the hazardous effects of HF in dentistry. Reports from other fields presented incidences of acute and chronic symptoms in exposure to HF. While acute symptoms include skin or nail burns, chronic ones involve systemic toxicity, eye injuries, inhalation and ingestion-related symptoms that can be even fatal. HF can be harmful and particularly aggressive to soft tissues, but symptoms may not be apparent immediately after exposure. The hazardous effects are not based on the pH value, but on the toxicity of HF. Potential hazards of HF known from other applications than dentistry should be considered also in dental applications. Especially the clinicians, who often deal with adhesive cementation or repair of glass ceramics, should take necessary precautions for possible hazards of HF. Scientific reports, medical and chemical textbooks, handbooks, product information, manufacturers instructions, Internet web sites of the HF manufacturers were also referred. In dentistry, HF is most commonly used for conditioning the glass ceramics either prior to cementation or for intraoral repair.Exposure to HF can be harmful and may not be immediately apparent being particularly aggressive for soft tissues. This is not based on the pH value, but on its toxicity. Common routes of exposure are inhalation, dermal exposure and ingestion that lead to the general symptoms of toxicity such as lung injury, skin burns, systemic toxicity and painful necrotic lesions. General symptoms are skin burns, systemic toxication and eye irritation by fume exposure. No report was found on the hazardous effects of HF in dentistry. HF is commonly used to condition the ceramic surfaces prior to cementation or repair. Especially the clinicians, who often deal with glass ceramics, should take necessary precautions for possible hazards of HF.

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Section: Acute Hazardous Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acute Hazardous Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible hazardous effects of hydrofluoric acid and recommendations for treatment approach: a review

2011

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“…The treatment process occurs in the following way: the iontophoresis machine supplies weak electrical current to affected areas of the skin through water 64 . The electrical signal supplied is of low intensity and thus produces minimum side effect.…”

Section: Hyperhidrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

IJPSR

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ABSTRACT:The skin has been used as a medium for systemic delivery of therapeutic agents. The resistance provided by the stratum corneum is the major barrier in delivering of the agents through skin. Due to this the number of drug molecules used under this category is limited. Iontophoresis is an efficient technique for physically enhancing conveyance of molecules across skin for local and systemic effects. The main feature offered by iontophoresis is the control offered by it in dose modulation by adjustment of current applied to undergo the process. It is suitable as an alternative for parenteral route as it is pain free and cost effective technique. The flux associated with iontophoretic treatment is described along with its applications in the article. The future aspects of iontophoretic treatment and the medications currently available are included in this article. Iontophoresis as a treatment regimen has gained popularity in relatively less treatment methodology but the concept should be well popularized as it offers enhancement to transdermal drug delivery system. This system being non invasive, pain free and with minimum side effects must be made use of in most of the treatment regimen.

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“…Hence, their external use on wounds does not bring substantial curative effects. Although the tissue penetration of calcium ions and magnesium ions could be enhanced by adding dimethyl sulfoxide [10] or using iontophoretic delivery [15], the practical effects remain controversial. Some auxiliary measures seem necessary.…”

Section: Laboratory Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical arterial infusion of calcium gluconate: The preferred method for treating hydrofluoric acid burns of distal human limbs

Zhang¹,

Ni²,

Wang³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the efficiency and safety of arterial infusions of calcium gluconate to treat hydrofluoric (HF) acid burns of the distal human limbs. Materials and Methods: Eligible patients with HF burn limbs, collected from January 2008 to October 2011, were given the arterial infusion of calcium gluconate into the injured limbs. The measures of pain were conducted before the infusion, immediately after the infusion, 4 h after the infusion, and 2 days after the infusion by the visual analogy score (VAS). If the VAS score was higher than 4.0 at the time point 4 h after the first infusion, the infusion was repeated. The time of wound healing, and the number and ratio of the cases receiving the surgical operation were also evaluated. Results: A total of 118 patients, male (107 cases) and female (11 cases), were collected, including 64 cases of outpatients and 54 cases of inpatients. The age of the subjects ranged from 16 to 60 years, with the mean age of 37.6. The burn sites were located in the lateral limbs (28 cases) and in the unilateral limbs (90 cases). For 107 cases, the pain scores decreased quickly after the first infusion. The other 11 cases, with the VAS score higher than 4.0 at the time point 4 h after the first infusion, received the second infusion. The average time of wound healing and the ratio of the cases receiving the surgical operation were closely related to the interval from the injury to the reception of infusion. Conclusions: Arterial infusion of calcium gluconate, effectively relieving the pain, blocking wound progressive deepening, and causing no adverse effects, could be the preferential method to treat hydrofluoric acid burns of the distal human limbs.

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Iontophoretic delivery of calcium for experimental hydrofluoric acid burns

Cited by 35 publications

References 13 publications

Possible hazardous effects of hydrofluoric acid and recommendations for treatment approach: a review

Possible hazardous effects of hydrofluoric acid and recommendations for treatment approach: a review

Untitled

Clinical arterial infusion of calcium gluconate: The preferred method for treating hydrofluoric acid burns of distal human limbs

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