Iontophoresis in dermal delivery: A review of applications in dermato‐cosmetic and aesthetic sciences

Abstract

Objective: Iontophoresis is defined as the use of electric current to drive molecules across cell membranes through an electrolyte solution. In therapeutic context, it is used to facilitate the administration of bioactive substances, either systemically or locally. The technique presents various advantages and that is why it has been successfully used by a plethora of medical sciences. The constantly developing field of dermato-cosmetic science has also taken advantage of the possibilities offered by iontophoresis, aiming to enhance the delivery of the applied active ingredients and, thus, induce the desired cosmetic effects. Methods:The available literature was examined for evidence-based reports of safe and successful iontophoresis of pharmaceutical and cosmetic substances, in order to explore different iontophoretic applications in the field of dermatocosmetic and dermato-aesthetic sciences. Conclusion:Iontophoresis can be safely and successfully used in the treatment of ageing, photoageing, hyperpigmentation, oxidative stress, hair loss, hair removal, acne, acne sequelae and cellulite, providing many possibilities for enhanced treatment results.

The state-of-the-art of atmospheric pressure plasma for transdermal drug delivery

“…For example, if a positively charged medication (cation) is placed on the anode (positive electrode), the electric field will drive the medication ions into the skin. Details about iontophoresis can be found in the recent review papers such as references [36][37][38].…”

Intradermal Delivery of Naked mRNA Vaccines via Iontophoresis

“…This manuscript does not review this context as we focus on ItP-mediated intradermal delivery of macromolecules and mRNA vaccination. For the application of ItP in dermato-cosmetic and aesthetic sciences, interested readers can follow the review with reference [ 73 ].…”