Ionothermal carbonization in [Bmim][FeCl₄]: an opportunity for the valorization of raw lignocellulosic agrowastes into advanced porous carbons for CO₂ capture

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the ionothermal carbonization (ITC) in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate, [Bmim][FeCl4], of cocoa bean shells, a raw lignocellulosic agrowaste. The beneficial inputs of this ITC approach towards mass...

Ionothermal carbonization of sugarcane bagasse in imidazolium tetrachloroferrate ionic liquids: effect of the cation on textural and morphological properties

“…22 The dissolution of lignocellulose has been demonstrated in particular with ILs bearing a cation with short alkyl chains 23 and an anion with strong hydrogen-bond acceptance; 24 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C 4 mim]Cl) being the most widely reported in the literature. 17 Beyond dissolution, depolymerization and derivatization, ILs were used as recyclable solvents for the carbonization of simple carbohydrates, [25][26][27] polysaccharides 28 and raw lignocellulosic agrowastes, 27,[29][30][31] including sugarcane bagasse. 31 This thermochemical process, known as ionothermal carbonization (ITC), must be considered as a relative of the HTC process and allows engineering advanced carbonaceous materials, namely ionochars.…”

Scavenging of DPPH by Persistent Free Radicals in Carbonized Particles

“…The mass yields of the derived C‐W, NC‐W and NC‐IL were 15, 12 and 43%, respectively. Since the ITC process gave rise to a larger fraction of insolubles compared with the HTC processes, the detected variance could be due to different carbonization degrees [ 17,21 ] and the incorporation of IL in the particles. [ 14 ]…”

“…The mass yields of the derived C-W, NC-W and NC-IL were 15, 12 and 43%, respectively. Since the ITC process gave rise to a larger fraction of insolubles compared with the HTC processes, the detected variance could be due to different carbonization degrees [17,21] and the incorporation of IL in the particles. [14] As revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the obtained particles did not display sharp vibrational mods around 3000-3500 cm −1 nor at lower frequencies region corresponding to the feed materials glucose and urea (Figure 2a).…”

“…There exist a wide variety of IL with organic cations and organic or inorganic anions, several of which solely or in combination with water have been applied for derivation of carbonized materials. [15][16][17][18][19] In general, the ITC-derived particles have been demonstrated to be similar to HTC particles, still, differences in for example porosities of the carbonized materials have been reported. [15] Furthermore, the use of imidazolium-based IL/ water solvents in ITC processes instead of water was demonstrated to influence the amount of surface oxygen of the carbonized materials.…”

Design and combination of magnetic ionic liquids and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents for safer extraction of titanium: physicochemical properties and toxicity studies

“…Its main process is to fully mix cationic ligands and FeCl 3 •6H 2 O by vigorous stirring. [23][24][25] In addition, M. Kriegar et al proposed that FeCl 3 •6H 2 O could be first dissolved in 37% HCl solution, and then the cationic ligands were used to mix with the obtained solution to afford the desired MILs. 26 Inspired by this method, in this paper the iron in HLI is in the environment of concentrated HCl solution; therefore, from a sustainability perspective, we believe that the iron in HLI could be prepared as MILs for removal.…”