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²îíîñôåðí³ åôåêòè ñîíÿ÷íîãî çàòåìíåííÿ 10 ÷åðâíÿ 2021 ð. ó Çàïîëÿð'¿ Ñîíÿ÷í³ çàòåìíåííÿ (ÑÇ) âèêëèêàþòü ö³ëèé êîìïëåêñ ïðîöåñ³â ó âñ³õ ãåîñôåðàõ. Ó ³îíîñôåð³ ìຠì³ñöå çìåíøåííÿ êîíöåíòðàö³¿ åëåêòðî -í³â, òåìïåðàòóðè åëåêòðîí³â, ³îí³â ³ íåéòðàë³â; ³ñòîòíî çì³íþºòüñÿ äèíàì³êà ³îíîñôåðíî¿ ïëàçìè, ãåíåðóþòüñÿ õâèëüîâ³ çáóðåííÿ, àêòèâóºòüñÿ âçàºìîä³ÿ ï³äñèñòåì ó ñèñòåì³ Çåìëÿ -àòìîñôåðà -³îíîñôåðà -ìàãí³òîñôåðà. Äîâåäåíî, ùî åôåêòè ÑÇ çàëåaeàòü â³ä ôàçè ñîíÿ÷íîãî çàòåìíåííÿ, ãåîãðàô³÷íèõ êîîðäèíàò, ÷àñó äîáè, ïîðè ðîêó, ñòàíó àò ìî ñôåðíî¿ òà êîñì³÷íî¿ ïîãîäè, ïîëîaeåííÿ â öèêë³ ñîíÿ÷íî¿ àêòèâ íîñò³ òà ³íøèõ ôàêòîð³â. Îêð³ì ïîâòîðþâàíèõ ÷è ðåãóëÿðíèõ åôåê ò³â, âèíèêàþòü åôåêòè, âëàñòèâ³ ñàìå öüîìó ÑÇ. Ç ö³º¿ ïðè÷èíè âèâ÷åííÿ ô³çè÷íèõ ïðîöåñ³â ó âñ³õ ãåîîáîëîíêàõ, âèêëèêàíèõ ÑÇ, º àêòóàëüíîþ ì³aeäèñöèïë³íàðíîþ çàäà÷åþ. Ìåòîþ äàíî¿ ðîáîòè º âèêëàä ðåçóëüòàò³â ñïîñòåðåaeåííÿ é àíàë³çó ÷àñîâèõ çáóðåíü âåðòèêàëü íîãî ïîâíîãî åëåêòðîííîãî âì³ñòó (ÏÅÂ) ó Çàïîëÿð'¿. Äàí³, âèêî -ðèñòàí³ â öüîìó äîñë³äaeåíí³, âêëþ÷àþòü ïàðàìåòðè ñèãíàë³â, ùî ïðèéìàþòüñÿ ìåðåaeåþ ñòàíö³é â³ä íàâ³ãàö³éíèõ ñóïóòíèê³â, ÿê³ ïðîõîäÿòü íàä îáëàñòþ ò³í³ ̳ñÿöÿ, äå ôàçà ÑÇ ñòàíîâèëà ïðèáëèçíî 0.9 ó ä³àïàçîí³ øèðîò 70…80° ïí. ø.
²îíîñôåðí³ åôåêòè ñîíÿ÷íîãî çàòåìíåííÿ 10 ÷åðâíÿ 2021 ð. ó Çàïîëÿð'¿ Ñîíÿ÷í³ çàòåìíåííÿ (ÑÇ) âèêëèêàþòü ö³ëèé êîìïëåêñ ïðîöåñ³â ó âñ³õ ãåîñôåðàõ. Ó ³îíîñôåð³ ìຠì³ñöå çìåíøåííÿ êîíöåíòðàö³¿ åëåêòðî -í³â, òåìïåðàòóðè åëåêòðîí³â, ³îí³â ³ íåéòðàë³â; ³ñòîòíî çì³íþºòüñÿ äèíàì³êà ³îíîñôåðíî¿ ïëàçìè, ãåíåðóþòüñÿ õâèëüîâ³ çáóðåííÿ, àêòèâóºòüñÿ âçàºìîä³ÿ ï³äñèñòåì ó ñèñòåì³ Çåìëÿ -àòìîñôåðà -³îíîñôåðà -ìàãí³òîñôåðà. Äîâåäåíî, ùî åôåêòè ÑÇ çàëåaeàòü â³ä ôàçè ñîíÿ÷íîãî çàòåìíåííÿ, ãåîãðàô³÷íèõ êîîðäèíàò, ÷àñó äîáè, ïîðè ðîêó, ñòàíó àò ìî ñôåðíî¿ òà êîñì³÷íî¿ ïîãîäè, ïîëîaeåííÿ â öèêë³ ñîíÿ÷íî¿ àêòèâ íîñò³ òà ³íøèõ ôàêòîð³â. Îêð³ì ïîâòîðþâàíèõ ÷è ðåãóëÿðíèõ åôåê ò³â, âèíèêàþòü åôåêòè, âëàñòèâ³ ñàìå öüîìó ÑÇ. Ç ö³º¿ ïðè÷èíè âèâ÷åííÿ ô³çè÷íèõ ïðîöåñ³â ó âñ³õ ãåîîáîëîíêàõ, âèêëèêàíèõ ÑÇ, º àêòóàëüíîþ ì³aeäèñöèïë³íàðíîþ çàäà÷åþ. Ìåòîþ äàíî¿ ðîáîòè º âèêëàä ðåçóëüòàò³â ñïîñòåðåaeåííÿ é àíàë³çó ÷àñîâèõ çáóðåíü âåðòèêàëü íîãî ïîâíîãî åëåêòðîííîãî âì³ñòó (ÏÅÂ) ó Çàïîëÿð'¿. Äàí³, âèêî -ðèñòàí³ â öüîìó äîñë³äaeåíí³, âêëþ÷àþòü ïàðàìåòðè ñèãíàë³â, ùî ïðèéìàþòüñÿ ìåðåaeåþ ñòàíö³é â³ä íàâ³ãàö³éíèõ ñóïóòíèê³â, ÿê³ ïðîõîäÿòü íàä îáëàñòþ ò³í³ ̳ñÿöÿ, äå ôàçà ÑÇ ñòàíîâèëà ïðèáëèçíî 0.9 ó ä³àïàçîí³ øèðîò 70…80° ïí. ø.
Subject and Purpose. The unique natural phenomena which solar eclipses are can activate coupling between the subsystems of the Earth–atmosphere–ionosphere–magnetosphere system. Following an eclipse, disturbances may get induced in all the subsystems and their associated geophysical fields. It is important that a subsystem’s response does not depend on the phase of the eclipse alone, but also on the state of space weather and the observation site coordinates. The majority of solar eclipses occur at middle and low latitudes. The maximum phase of the June 10, 2021 annular eclipse was observed at high latitudes, including the North Pole. The highlatitude ionosphere is fundamentally different from the mid- and low-latitude ionosphere as it stays in a metastable state, such that any impact may be capable of activating subsystem coupling. The relevance of this study is conditioned by the diversity of the solar eclipse effects in the high-latitude ionosphere. The purpose of this work is to present observational results concerning variations in the total electron content (TEC) in the high-latitude ionosphere in the course of the June 10, 2021 solar eclipse. Methods and Methodology. An array of eleven terrestrial GPS receive stations and eight GPS satellites were used for the observations. Results. The effects from the solar eclipse were distinctly observable at all eleven reception sites and from all the eight satellites. On the average, i.e. with random fluctuations neglected, changes in illumination at ionospheric heights were followed by decreases in the TEC. All of the observation records demonstrated a decrease in the TEC at the early stage of the eclipse. Some 60 to 100 min later the TEC attained a minimum and then returned to virtually the initial value. The lowest observed magnitude of the TEC was 1.0–5.1 TEC units, while, on the average, it was found to be 2.7 ± 1.6 TEC units, or 35 ± 18%. The greatest decrease in the TEC lagged behind the maximum phase of the solar eclipse (lowest illumination at the heights of the ionosphere) by 5–30 min, or 15.7 ± 6.8 min on the average. A few TEC records obtained at different stations showed quasi-periodic variations with the periods ranging from 5 to 19 min and amplitudes of 1 to 12%. Conclusions. The annular eclipse of June 10, 2021 acted to significantly disturb the high-latitude ionosphere where aperiodic and quasi-periodic disturbances of the TEC took place.
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