Ionospheric irregularities and movements observed with a large aerial array

Computer simulation of ionospheric radio drift measurements, and their analysis by correlation methods

“…It is of interest to examine the response of correloid analysis to the simple interferenc e fading such as might occur following reflection from a small number of reflecting locations on a grossly rippled surface. Fading models of this kind have been considered by other authors [e.g., Hines and Rao, 1968;Felgate and Golley, 1971;Pfister, 1971;Guhu and Geller, 1973;and Brownlie et al, 1973] who assert that most echo fading must be explained by simple variants of this process. (Evidence for a contrary view is given by Wright [ 1974].)…”

“…Finally, it has been frequently assumed that if dispersive motion is found by Fourier decomposition of the diffraction pattern, then dispersive motions in the ionosphere are implied. Many specific causes of these effects have been suggested [ Felgate and Golley, 1971 ], including velocity variations along the propagation path, or across the scattering region, or within a sampling range gate, or with time during the recording. Clearly, observations show that velocity fluctuations must be accommodated in some manner by the analysis method.…”

The physical significance of the correlation ellipse in ionospheric drift analysis

“…It is rather difficult to visualize what the whole pattern would look like, since the fringes must cross each other at many points, giving rise to smaller and more isotropic irregularities at the intersections. Moreover, fringes of this type are not observed when the patterns are viewed visually with the Buckland Park array [Felgate and Golley, 1971]. A related effect, which is observed, is a succession of similar fringes of the same orientation and velocity, which may change in the course of time.…”

“…Alterna-Copyright (• 1976 by the American Geophysical Union. tively, if a large number of'antennas are distributed over the ground plane as in the Buckland Park array [Briggs et al, 1969], the spatial correlation function can be obtained very directly, either by time or space averaging [Felgate and Golley, 1971].…”

MF and HF radar techniques for investigating the dynamics and structure of the 50 to 110 km height region: a review

“…6. This was obtained using the BPMF radar using a technique described by Felgate and Golley (1971), and further descriptions relevant to this are provided by Briggs and Holmes (1973), Holmes (1975), andBriggs (1993). It is the motion of this ground diffraction pattern that is used to infer the motion of the atmosphere at the partial reflection or backscatter height.…”