Ionosphere plasma holes-modeling and diagnostic

Kolomiitsev, O. P.; Ruzhin, Yu. Ya.; Egorov, I. B.; Razinkov, O.G.; Cherkashin, Yu. N.

doi:10.1016/s1464-1917(99)00019-7

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…When the diameter of the ionospheric hole is much larger than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave to be studied, the propagation path of the electromagnetic wave can be calculated based on geometrical optics approach (Kolomiitsev et al., 1999). In this paper, we developed a ray tracing program to discuss the propagation characteristics of HF wave of oblique incidence and its echo patterns in the disturbed ionospheric region, with the aim of deepening the understanding of the mechanism and effects of chemical injection into the ionosphere, and provide ideas for the interpretation of diagnostic data and the application of chemical injection.…”

Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The local disturbance structure caused by chemical release in the ionosphere has a significant effect on the high‐frequency radio wave propagating through this area (Bernhardt et al., 1995). There have been quite a few studies on the influence of ionospheric hole on the propagation of HF radio waves by ray tracing (Kalikhman et al., 1992; Kolomiitsev et al., 1999; Paul et al., 1968; Rao et al., 1973; J. Y. Zhu & Fang, 2019). Paul et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kolomiitsev et al. (1999) found that the ellipsoidal ionospheric holes produced by the release of ionospheric chemicals can focus, oscillate, or bend HF radio waves, and provided the conditions for the holes to capture HF radio waves. Hu et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Explore the Echo Characteristics of HF Radar in Artificial Disturbance Ionosphere Using Ray‐Tracing Technology

Zhu

Jiang

et al. 2021

Radio Science

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Artificial ionospheric hole created by the release of neutral gases (such as sulfur hexafluoride) has a significant impact on the propagation of radio waves. Based on the ray‐tracing method, the propagation patterns of HF radio waves in the ionospheric hole and the characteristics of its echoes are discussed in this paper. The results show that the HF waves will be deflected and bended while passing through the ionospheric hole, thus changing its original path. The sounding frequency, elevation angle, position of transmitter and receiver, and the dynamic variation of the hole all affect the reception of echoes. Generally, when the frequency is low, the echoes received on the ground mainly come from rays with low‐elevation angles, and the multi‐hop rays are more likely to occur. While with a high frequency, the received echoes are mainly contributed by high‐elevation rays. It is not conducive to the reception of the echoes if the transmitter and receiver is too far away from the hole. Single‐peak, double‐peak and multi‐peak echo signals can be found in the group path‐amplitude diagram, and the maximum group path difference can reflect the size of the ionospheric hole to some extent. Due to the dynamic evolution of the hole, the propagation of HF waves and received echoes also changes over time. The group path‐time diagrams show that the come‐back echoes mainly appear in the period of 20–100 s after release. The results of this paper have a guiding significance for the diagnosis and application of active experiments.

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Section: Numerical Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Explore the Echo Characteristics of HF Radar in Artificial Disturbance Ionosphere Using Ray‐Tracing Technology

Zhu

Jiang

et al. 2021

Radio Science

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“…Recently, Hu et al [2010] developed a threedimensional (3-D) dynamics model of ionospheric chemical release that takes into account the processes of neutral gas diffusion, ion-molecule chemical reaction and plasma diffusion to examine the characteristics of artificial ionospheric depletion by several representative chemicals. They found that during the early stage of chemical modification the resultant ionospheric hole may act as a lens focusing and bending very high frequency (VHF) or high-frequency (HF) radio waves, which was also discussed by Bernhardt and Duncan [1987] and Kolomiitsev et al [1999].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Ionospheric disturbances produced by chemical releases and the resultant effects on short-wave ionospheric propagation

Zhao

Zhang

2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] As an effective means to actively modify the ionosphere, chemical releases can produce artificial ionospheric holes as a consequence of ionization reduction, which can have a great impact on radio wave propagation. To investigate the morphology control of ionospheric holes by various chemical releases and the resultant effects on radio wave propagation, a quantitative numerical model is developed on the basis of the approximate solutions of the diffusion equation of single-point release in uniform atmosphere. While single-point release produces ellipsoidal ionospheric holes, multipoint release can produce other types of ionospheric holes (such as parabola-like tubular ones), which is strongly dependent on changes in the release species, release altitude, and mass of released neutral gas. Releases of both H 2 O and SF 6 can produce ionospheric holes with a similar spatial extent, but the latter tends to result in clearer boundaries and more pronounced electron density reductions. In addition, either an increase in released amount or releases at higher altitudes can lead to a broader hole. To evaluate the effects of an ionospheric hole on radio wave propagation, three-dimensional ray tracing simulations are performed. The ellipsoidal ionospheric holes can act as a lens focusing and bending radio waves, leading to multiple wave reflections inside the holes. In contrast, in the paraboloid tubular ionospheric holes, the rays can penetrate the disturbed region or reflect back, showing a strong dependence on radio frequency. It is well demonstrated that chemical releases can efficiently give rise to artificial ionospheric disturbances and thus modify ionospheric propagation of radio waves.Citation: Hu, Y., Z. Zhao, and Y. Zhang (2011), Ionospheric disturbances produced by chemical releases and the resultant effects on short-wave ionospheric propagation,

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“…Gas molecules of H 2 O can reduce the electron density in the flight region. This is mainly because the composite coefficient of the O + and electrons in the ionosphere is about 10 −12 3 • −1 , and neutral gases allow for easy conversion of atomic O + into molecular particles, with the composite coefficient generally reaching 10 −7 3 • −1 or even larger [18]. Therefore, the electron density of the ionosphere is likely to be low, resulting in artificial ionospheric holes.…”

Section: Chemical Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Ionospheric Disturbance Generated by Ballistic Missile

Zhu

Fang

Xia

et al. 2019

Advances in Mathematical Physics

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To provide theoretical guidance for the detection of ballistic missiles by skywave over-the-horizon radar, this paper first analyses the best way to detect ballistic missiles based on the rocket detection mechanism. Then using the diffusion model, chemical reaction model, and plasma diffusion model of neutral gas in the ionosphere, this paper studies the distribution of electrons and analyses the disturbance effect on the ionosphere caused by the release of ballistic missile exhaust plume in the ionosphere. Moreover, this paper considers the flight speed of the ballistic missile and the flow of the exhaust plume. Then the effects of different seasons, locations, and time zones on the release are compared. The results show that H2O can effectively dissipate background electrons to form spindle-shaped holes after release in the ionosphere. The height of the cavity radius corresponds to the peak of electron density of the background ionosphere, and the daytime dissipation is stronger than the nighttime dissipation, dissipation at low latitude is stronger than that at high latitude, and the seasonal difference is not obvious.

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Ionosphere plasma holes-modeling and diagnostic

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Explore the Echo Characteristics of HF Radar in Artificial Disturbance Ionosphere Using Ray‐Tracing Technology

Explore the Echo Characteristics of HF Radar in Artificial Disturbance Ionosphere Using Ray‐Tracing Technology

Ionospheric disturbances produced by chemical releases and the resultant effects on short-wave ionospheric propagation

Numerical Simulation of Ionospheric Disturbance Generated by Ballistic Missile

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