Ionoacoustic characterization of the proton Bragg peak with submillimeter accuracy

Assmann, W.; Kellnberger, Stephan; Reinhardt, S.; Lehrack, Sebastian; Edlich, Alexander; Thirolf, P. G.; Moser, M.; Dollinger, G.; Omar, Murad; Ntziachristos, Vasilis; Parodi, Katia

doi:10.1118/1.4905047

Cited by 119 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Based on the difference between their characteristic proton spills, the protoacoustic pressure amplitude generated by single-bunch synchrotron spills (<1 µs) is expected to be higher than those generated by either clinical cyclotrons, which typically deliver proton spills with ∼50 µs rise and fall times, or clinical synchrotrons, which typically deliver with ∼200 µs rise and fall times. 22 Given the short (<1 µs) spill times and high (up to 100 mA instantaneous 11 ) proton current capabilities, previous observations of the protoacoustic signal have employed linear accelerator, 6 synchrotron, [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and tandem-accelerator 18 proton sources. Protoacoustic signals have also been observed using cyclotron-derived proton beams, 6,19 but these have used custom, modifiable beam lines originally built for research before they were applied to clinical therapy use, and the spill rise times were not reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental observation of acoustic emissions generated by a pulsed proton beam from a hospital‐based clinical cyclotron

et al. 2015

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Purpose: To measure the acoustic signal generated by a pulsed proton spill from a hospital-based clinical cyclotron. Methods: An electronic function generator modulated the IBA C230 isochronous cyclotron to create a pulsed proton beam. The acoustic emissions generated by the proton beam were measured in water using a hydrophone. The acoustic measurements were repeated with increasing proton current and increasing distance between detector and beam. Results: The cyclotron generated proton spills with rise times of 18 µs and a maximum measured instantaneous proton current of 790 nA. Acoustic emissions generated by the proton energy deposition were measured to be on the order of mPa. The origin of the acoustic wave was identified as the proton beam based on the correlation between acoustic emission arrival time and distance between the hydrophone and proton beam. The acoustic frequency spectrum peaked at 10 kHz, and the acoustic pressure amplitude increased monotonically with increasing proton current. Conclusions: The authors report the first observation of acoustic emissions generated by a proton beam from a hospital-based clinical cyclotron. When modulated by an electronic function generator, the cyclotron is capable of creating proton spills with fast rise times (18 µs) and high instantaneous currents (790 nA). Measurements of the proton-generated acoustic emissions in a clinical setting may provide a method for in vivo proton range verification and patient monitoring. C 2015 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. [http://dx

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental observation of acoustic emissions generated by a pulsed proton beam from a hospital‐based clinical cyclotron

et al. 2015

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“…Another range verification method worth mentioning is iono-acoustic imaging, which uses the acoustic waves generated by the proton pulses in the body to create an image of the positions of the Bragg peaks [76]. This technique is very much in the concept phase, with only calculations and a limited amount of experimental data showing its feasibility in homogeneous phantoms.…”

Section: In-room Imaging and Image-guidance For Imptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empowering Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy Through Physics and Technology: An Overview

Mohan

Das

Ling

2017

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics

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Considering the clinical potential of protons attributable to their physical characteristics, interest in proton therapy has increased greatly in this century as has the number of proton therapy installations. Until recently, passively scattered proton therapy (PSPT) was used almost entirely. Notably, overall clinical results to date have not shown convincing benefit protons over photons. A rapid transition is now occurring with the implementation of the most advanced form of proton therapy, the intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT). IMPT is superior to PSPT and IMRT dosimetrically. However, numerous limitations exist in the present IMPT methods. In particular, compared to IMRT, IMPT is highly vulnerable to various uncertainties. In this overview we identify three major areas of current limitations of IMPT: treatment planning, treatment delivery, and motion management, and discuss current and future efforts for improvement. For treatment planning, we need to reduce uncertainties in proton range and in computed dose distributions, improve robust planning and optimization, enhance adaptive treatment planning and delivery, and consider how to exploit the variability in the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of protons for clinical benefit. The quality of proton therapy also depends on the characteristics of the IMPT delivery systems and image-guidance. Efforts are needed to optimize the beamlet spot size for both improved dose conformality and faster delivery. For the latter, faster energy switching time and increased dose-rate are also needed. Real-time in-room volumetric imaging for guiding IMPT is in its early stages with CBCT and CT-on-rails, and continued improvements are anticipated. In addition, imaging of the proton beams themselves using, for instance, prompt gamma emissions, is being developed to determine the proton range and to reduce range uncertainty. With the realization of the advances described above, we posit that IMPT, thus empowered, will lead to substantially improved clinical results.

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“…The transfer of the energy increases the temperature of the atomic system. Typically, the increase of the temperature is less than a millikelvin [11], but this temperature rise cause atomic vibration, which emits ultrasound waves. The generated ultrasound waves are detected and known as X-ray induced acoustic (XA) signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-mSV breast XACT scanner: concept and design

et al. 2016

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Excessive exposure to radiation increases the risk of cancer. We present the concept and design of a new imaging paradigm, X-ray induced acoustic computed tomography (XACT). Applying this innovative technology to breast imaging, one single X-ray exposure can generate a 3D acoustic image, which dramatically reduces the radiation dose to patients when compared to beast CT. A theoretical model is developed to analyze the sensitivity of XACT. A noise equivalent pressure model is used for calculating the minimal radiation dose in XACT imaging. Furthermore, K-Wave simulation is employed to study the acoustic wave propagation in breast tissue. Theoretical analysis shows that the X-ray induced acoustic signal has a 100% relative sensitivity to the X-ray absorption (given that the percentage change in the X-ray absorption coefficient yields the same percentage change in the acoustic signal amplitude), but not to X-ray scattering. The final detection sensitivity is primarily limited by the thermal noise. The radiation dose can be reduced by a factor of 100 compared with the newly FDA approved breast CT. Reconstruction result shows that breast calcification with diameter of 80 μm can be observed in XACT image by using ultrasound transducers with 5.5 MHz center frequency. Therefore, with the proposed innovative technology, one can potentially reduce radiation dose to patient in breast imaging as compared with current x-ray modalities.

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Ionoacoustic characterization of the proton Bragg peak with submillimeter accuracy

Cited by 119 publications

References 48 publications

Experimental observation of acoustic emissions generated by a pulsed proton beam from a hospital‐based clinical cyclotron

Experimental observation of acoustic emissions generated by a pulsed proton beam from a hospital‐based clinical cyclotron

Empowering Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy Through Physics and Technology: An Overview

Sub-mSV breast XACT scanner: concept and design

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