Ionizing Radiation Effects in Polymers

Ferry, M.; Ngono-Ravache, Y.; Aymes-Chodur, Caroline; Clochard, Marie-Claude; Coqueret, Xavier; Cortella, Laurent; Pellizzi, Eleonora; Rouif, Sophie; Esnouf, S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.02095-6

Cited by 32 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…Investigation of the impact of nuclear irradiations on polymers is crucial to guarantee the materials’ compatibility with specific nuclear environments or facilities [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], to secure nuclear waste packages during transportation, storage and/or disposal [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], and finally to improve the physical and chemical properties of the materials [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. The effects of nuclear irradiation on polymeric structures are well-documented [ 21 , 22 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ] and mainly consist of chains scissions and crosslinking, creation of unsaturated bonds in polymers and generation of low molecular weight components which can be trapped in the materials or released as gases. Their relative contribution depends on the polymer type and irradiation conditions (e.g., the dose level, atmosphere properties, irradiation type, among others) [ 12 , 16 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: General Working Principle Of Passive Radiofrequency Dosimetermentioning

confidence: 99%

“… It must generate gases over a wide range of irradiation dose levels and in sufficient quantity to be measured. Polymers, including aromatic cycle or unsaturated C=C bonds, should be discarded because of their higher stability under irradiation, leading to reduced outgassing when compared with other families of polymers [ 22 , 30 , 32 ]. Emission by the irradiated polymer of corrosive gases must be avoided in order to maintain the integrity of the transducer structure.…”

Section: Materials Choice For the Microelectromechanical Transducermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microelectromechanical Transducer to Monitor High-Doses of Nuclear Irradiation

Philippe

Ferry

Charlot

et al. 2021

Sensors

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This paper reports the design, fabrication and measured performance of a passive microelectromechanical transducer for the wireless monitoring of high irradiation doses in nuclear environments. The sensing device is composed of a polymer material (high-density polyethylene) sealed inside a cavity. Subjected to ionizing radiation, this material releases various gases, which increases the pressure inside the cavity and deflects a dielectric membrane. From the measurement of the deflection, the variation of the applied pressure can be estimated, and, in turn, the dose may be determined. The microelectromechanical structure can also be used to study and validate the radiolysis properties of the polymer through its gas emission yield factor. Measurement of the dielectric membrane deflection is performed here to validate on the one hand the required airtightness of the cavity exposed to doses about 4 MGy and on the other hand, the functionality of the fabricated dosimeter for doses up to 80 kGy. The selection of appropriate materials for the microelectromechanical device is discussed, and the outgassing properties of the selected high-density polyethylene are analysed. Moreover, the technological fabrication process of the transducer is detailed.

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Section: General Working Principle Of Passive Radiofrequency Dosimetermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials Choice For the Microelectromechanical Transducermentioning

confidence: 99%

Microelectromechanical Transducer to Monitor High-Doses of Nuclear Irradiation

Philippe

Ferry

Charlot

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…1,2 Swift heavy ions (SHI)-a form of particle radiation-have sufficient energy and mass to penetrate solids in a straight line and produce a continuous damage trail, called a latent track. 2,3 Over the last 60 years, the ability of SHI to produce latent tracks has become the reason for extensive fundamental and applied research works. 3 Both the mechanisms of track formation and the numerous applications in fields such as material science, nanotechnology, biophysics, and cosmic ray simulations have attracted the attention of the scientific community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ionizing radiation, including beams of accelerated ions, has been widely applied in modifying the structure and properties of polymers 1,2 . Swift heavy ions (SHI)—a form of particle radiation—have sufficient energy and mass to penetrate solids in a straight line and produce a continuous damage trail, called a latent track 2,3 . Over the last 60 years, the ability of SHI to produce latent tracks has become the reason for extensive fundamental and applied research works 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of latent ion tracks in semicrystalline polymers by scanning electron microscopy

Blonskaya

Kristavchuk

Nechaev

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Advances in nanotechnology and materials science require further improvement of metrology of nanostructured polymers, in particular, polymers modified by high energy ion beams. The observation of latent ion tracks using various microscopy methods is an important part of studies on heavy ion effects in solids. However, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has not been utilized for polymers. In the present study, it is shown how SEM can be used to observe latent tracks in semicrystalline polymers. The procedure includes the embrittlement of a polymer specimen by controlled photooxidation and its subsequent fracture. Latent tracks are clearly visible on fractured surfaces as structureless stripes surrounded by an inhomogeneous semicrystalline matrix. Using this method, the latent tracks of Kr, Xe, Au, and Bi ions with energies of 1-11 MeV/u in polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene films are observed and their diameters are estimated. In contrast to transmission electron microscopy, the suggested novel technique detects the outer track shell consisting of an amorphized polymer. Therefore, SEM observations can complement other commonly used techniques to comprehensively characterize the structure of ion tracks in polymers.

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“…Onium salts with a low nucleophilicity counter anion can be activated by thermal, photochemical and radiochemical activation. Efficient Bronsted or Lewis acids are generated via different mechanisms and efficiently initiate the chain polymerization of epoxy functions or of other cationically polymerizable monomers (Coqueret, 2008;Ferry et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure aspects of radiation-cured networks: Cationically polymerized aromatic epoxy resins

Kowandy

Ranoux

Walo

et al. 2018

Radiation Physics and Chemistry

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The thermo-mechanical properties and nanostructural features of epoxy aromatic resins cationically cured by UV-visible or electron beam radiation have been studied by FT-NIR spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), dielectric spectroscopy (DS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The influence of formulation (nature and content of onium salt) and of curing parameters (doses, thermal treatment) on the thermophysical have been investigated. The presence of several relaxation domains observed by DMA and DS analysis confirms the presence of heterogeneities in the cured materials. Network formation is described by the percolation of glassy nanoclusters which are evidenced by AFM analyses.AFM probing by quantitative nanomechanical measurements confirms the gradual build-up of the local Young's modulus in good agreement with the macroscopic value.

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Ionizing Radiation Effects in Polymers

Cited by 32 publications

References 156 publications

Microelectromechanical Transducer to Monitor High-Doses of Nuclear Irradiation

Microelectromechanical Transducer to Monitor High-Doses of Nuclear Irradiation

Observation of latent ion tracks in semicrystalline polymers by scanning electron microscopy

Microstructure aspects of radiation-cured networks: Cationically polymerized aromatic epoxy resins

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