Ionization of ethane, butane, and octane in strong laser fields

Palaniyappan, S.; Mitchell, R. E.; Ekanayake, Nagitha; Watts, A. M.; White, Samantha; Sauer, Robert; Howard, Lauren E.; Videtto, M.; Mancuso, Christopher; Wells, S. J.; Stanev, T.; Wen, Bin; DeCamp, Matthew F.; Walker, Barry

doi:10.1103/physreva.82.043433

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The experimental apparatus consisted of a kilohertz Ti:sapphire laser (3 mJ, 790 nm, 45 fs), a terawatt Ti:sapphire laser (80 mJ, 40 fs, 790 nm) [32,33], and a high-resolution time-of-flight ion spectrometer [34]. The 790-nm fundamental radiation was doubled to 395 nm with a 0.2-mm-thick BBO or 1-mm-thick KDP.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rescattering nonsequential ionization of Ne3+, Ne4+, Ne
Ekanayake
¹
,
Luo
²
,
Wen
³

et al. 2012
Phys. Rev. A
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The ionization of Ne and Kr at 400 nm has been measured from 10 13 to 10 17 W/cm 2 for charge states up to Kr 8+ . Nonsequential ionization is seen in the higher charge states Ne 3+ , Ne 4+ , Ne 5+ , Kr 5+ , Kr 6+ , Kr 7+ , and Kr 8+ when the atomic response to the increasing external field strength moves from multiphoton to tunneling. A similar development in nonsequential ionization is seen in a semiclassical model and an empirical model of rescattering. The models show that nonsequential ionization not apparent in lower charge states can become prominent for higher charge states. It is possible to generalize these results and predict optimal wavelengths for multielectron excitation via nonsequential ionization. The findings indicate that ultraviolet to vacuum ultraviolet wavelengths can give the largest recollision for higher charge states.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rescattering nonsequential ionization of Ne3+, Ne4+, Ne
Ekanayake
¹
,
Luo
²
,
Wen
³

et al. 2012
Phys. Rev. A
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12
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0
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“…The fragmentation of polyatomic molecules induced by laser pulses has been the subject of extensive research for decades. Hydrocarbons with their intrinsically very fast intramolecular nuclear dynamics of the light hydrogen atoms or protons, which leads to a rich restructuring dynamics, are particularly interesting and have been the object of numerous experimental studies, both using coincidence detection of the molecular fragments [1,[6][7][8]16,17,[21][22][23][24][25] and without coincidence detection [9,10,26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Predetermination of Ethylene Fragmentation Dynamics

et al. 2014

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We experimentally investigate the dependence of the fragmentation behavior of the ethylene dication on the intensity and duration of the laser pulses that initiate the fragmentation dynamics by strong-field double ionization. Using coincidence momentum imaging for the detection of ionic fragments, we disentangle the different contributions of ionization from lower-valence orbitals and field-driven excitation dynamics to the population of certain dissociative excited ionic states that are connected to one of several possible fragmentation pathways towards a given set of fragment ions. We find that the excitation probability to a particular excited state and therewith the outcome of the fragmentation reaction strongly depend on the parameters of the laser pulse. This, in turn, opens up new possibilities for controlling the outcome of fragmentation reactions of polyatomic molecules in that it may allow one to selectively enhance or suppress individual fragmentation channels, which was not possible in previous attempts of controlling fragmentation processes of polyatomic molecules with strong laser fields.

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“…Once the laser strips electrons from the molecule, the remaining positively charged structure can explode, creating a molecular plasma cloud. Coulomb explosion can be used to generate bright keV x-ray photons [14,15], highly energetic electrons [16], and for imaging [17][18][19].The strong-field ionization and fragmentation of hydrocarbon molecules is a prototypical example of the Coulomb explosion of polyatomic molecules, and it has been the subject of several experiments [9,11,[20][21][22][23]]. An important quantity measured in these experiments is the kinetic energy distribution of the protons ejected during the fragmentation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strong-field ionization and fragmentation of hydrocarbon molecules is a prototypical example of the Coulomb explosion of polyatomic molecules, and it has been the subject of several experiments [9,11,[20][21][22][23]]. An important quantity measured in these experiments is the kinetic energy distribution of the protons ejected during the fragmentation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Strong laser-pulse-driven ionization and Coulomb explosion of hydrocarbon molecules

et al. 2012

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Field ionization and Coulomb explosion of small hydrocarbon molecules driven by intense laser pulses are studied in a combined theoretical and experimental framework. The spectra of ejected protons calculated by the time-dependent density functional approach are in good agreement with the experimental data. The results of the simulations give detailed insight into the correlated electron and nuclear dynamics and complement the experiment with a time-dependent physical picture. It is demonstrated that the Coulomb explosion in the studied molecular systems is a sudden, all-at-once fragmentation where the ionization step is followed by a simultaneous ejection of the charged fragments. [7], and Coulomb explosion [8,9]. Highly energetic dissociation of a molecule or solid due to multiple ionization, known as the Coulomb explosion, is a particularly interesting process because it exposes the key physical mechanisms associated with the electron and nuclear dynamics and ionization [9][10][11][12][13]. Once the laser strips electrons from the molecule, the remaining positively charged structure can explode, creating a molecular plasma cloud. Coulomb explosion can be used to generate bright keV x-ray photons [14,15], highly energetic electrons [16], and for imaging [17][18][19].The strong-field ionization and fragmentation of hydrocarbon molecules is a prototypical example of the Coulomb explosion of polyatomic molecules, and it has been the subject of several experiments [9,11,[20][21][22][23]]. An important quantity measured in these experiments is the kinetic energy distribution of the protons ejected during the fragmentation. Proton energies in excess of 30 eV at only very moderate peak intensities of the driving laser pulses have been reported for both large [11] and small hydrocarbon molecules [9]. The proton kinetic cutoff energies depend sensitively on the laser intensity and saturate at intensities that depend on the molecular species [9,11]. Earlier, this behavior was attributed to the creation of a long-lived charge localization state [11]. A more recent experiment [9], in contrast, suggested that the high kinetic proton energies originate from Coulomb explosions from a high molecular charge state. It was suggested [9] that a multibond version of the enhanced ionization process [24,25] is responsible for reaching the observed high charge states, from which the protons are ejected simultaneously in a concerted Coulomb explosion process resulting in complete molecular fragmentations. A recent theoretical study [26] using a one-dimensional model of acetylene, C 2 H 2 , confirms the proposed ionization mechanism leading to the high charge states, but it did not investigate the fragmentation dynamics. While the experimental approaches allow the study of important aspects of the Coulomb explosion of molecules by analyzing the properties of the resulting fragments, they do not provide a complete, dynamical description of the internal mechanism taking place during the fragmentation.In this work, the intense laser puls...

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Ionization of ethane, butane, and octane in strong laser fields

Cited by 9 publications

References 62 publications

Rescattering nonsequential ionization of Ne3+, Ne4+, Ne
Ekanayake
¹
,
Luo
²
,
Wen
³

et al. 2012
Phys. Rev. A
Self Cite
12
1
4
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rescattering nonsequential ionization of Ne3+, Ne4+, Ne
Ekanayake
¹
,
Luo
²
,
Wen
³

et al. 2012
Phys. Rev. A
Self Cite
12
1
4
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electronic Predetermination of Ethylene Fragmentation Dynamics

Strong laser-pulse-driven ionization and Coulomb explosion of hydrocarbon molecules

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Ionization of ethane, butane, and octane in strong laser fields

Cited by 9 publications

References 62 publications

Rescattering nonsequential ionization of Ne3+, Ne4+, NeEkanayake1, Luo2, Wen3 et al. 2012Phys. Rev. ASelf Cite12140View full textAdd to dashboardCite

Rescattering nonsequential ionization of Ne3+, Ne4+, NeEkanayake1, Luo2, Wen3 et al. 2012Phys. Rev. ASelf Cite12140View full textAdd to dashboardCite

Electronic Predetermination of Ethylene Fragmentation Dynamics

Strong laser-pulse-driven ionization and Coulomb explosion of hydrocarbon molecules

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Rescattering nonsequential ionization of Ne3+, Ne4+, Ne
Ekanayake
¹
,
Luo
²
,
Wen
³

et al. 2012
Phys. Rev. A
Self Cite
12
1
4
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rescattering nonsequential ionization of Ne3+, Ne4+, Ne
Ekanayake
¹
,
Luo
²
,
Wen
³

et al. 2012
Phys. Rev. A
Self Cite
12
1
4
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite