Ionization dynamics in expanding clusters studied by XUV pump–probe spectroscopy

Krikunova, Maria; Adolph, Marcus; Gorkhover, Tais; Rupp, Daniela; Schorb, Sebastian; Bostedt, Christoph; Roling, Sebastian; Siemer, B.; Mitzner, R.; Zacharias, H.; Möller, Thomas

doi:10.1088/0953-4075/45/10/105101

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…One of the major challenges of the construction is to ensure that 6σ of the beam-profile are transmitted through the splitand delay-unit. From the FWHM beam sizes in the experimental hall, that are listed in the x-ray optics and beam transport conceptual design report [9], the 6σ values and the corresponding footprints on the mirrors are calculated for different wavelengths. An example of a hν = 20 keV beam irradiating the first mirror is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Optical Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coherence times (FWHM) between τc = 6 fs for λ = 32 nm and τc = 2.9 fs for λ = 8 nm were measured [7]. Further, ionization dynamics in expanding clusters have been investigated by XUV pump / XUV probe spectroscopy [9] and femtosecond sequential imaging has been realized for the first time [2]. The new SDU at the European XFEL will enable similar experiments in the x-ray spectral regime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of an x-ray split- and delay-unit for the European XFEL

et al. 2012

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Section: Optical Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an x-ray split- and delay-unit for the European XFEL

et al. 2012

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“…With this device the spatio-temporal coherence properties [4,5] as well as the pulse duration [6] of a soft x-ray FEL have successfully been measured for the first time. Further, ionization dynamics in expanding clusters [7] and in iodine molecules [8] have been investigated by XUV pump / XUV probe spectroscopy, the ultrafast heating of hydrogen has been studied [9,10], and femtosecond sequential imaging has been realized for the first time [11]. The new SDU at the HED Instrument at the European XFEL will enable similar experiments in the hard x-ray spectral regime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hard x-ray split-and-delay unit for the HED instrument at the European XFEL

Roling

Kärcher

Samoylova

et al. 2017

Advances in X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers Instrumentation IV

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For the High Energy Density Instrument (HED) at the European XFEL a hard x-ray split-and-delay unit (SDU) is built covering photon energies in the range between 5 keV and 24 keV. This SDU enables time-resolved x-ray pump / x-ray probe experiments as well as sequential diffractive imaging on a femtosecond to picosecond time scale. The set-up is based on wavefront splitting that has successfully been implemented at an autocorrelator at FLASH. The x-ray FEL pulses will be split by a sharp edge of a silicon mirror coated with Mo/B 4 C and W/B 4 C multilayers. Both partial beams then pass variable delay lines. For different photon energies the angle of incidence onto the multilayer mirrors is adjusted in order to match the Bragg condition. Hence, maximum delays between +/-1 ps at 24 keV and up to +/-23 ps at 5 keV will be possible. Time-dependent wave-optics simulations are performed with Synchrotron Radiation Workshop (SRW) software. The XFEL radiation is simulated using the output of the time-dependent SASE code FAST. For the simulations diffraction on the edge of the beam-splitter as well as height and slope errors of all eight mirror surfaces are taken into account. The impact of these effects on the ability to focus the beam by means of compound refractive lenses (CRL) is analyzed.

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“…This SDU will enable time-resolved x-ray pump / x-ray probe experiments [4,5] as well as sequential diffractive imaging [6] on a femtosecond to picosecond time scale. Further, direct measurements of the temporal coherence properties will be possible by making use of a linear autocorrelation [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hard x-ray split-and-delay unit for the HED experiment at the European XFEL

et al. 2014

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For the High Energy Density (HED) experiment [1] at the European XFEL [2] an x-ray split-and delay-unit (SDU) is built covering photon energies from 5 keV up to 20 keV [3]. This SDU will enable time-resolved x-ray pump / x-ray probe experiments [4,5] as well as sequential diffractive imaging [6] on a femtosecond to picosecond time scale. Further, direct measurements of the temporal coherence properties will be possible by making use of a linear autocorrelation [7,8]. The set-up is based on geometric wavefront beam splitting, which has successfully been implemented at an autocorrelator at FLASH [9]. The x-ray FEL pulses are split by a sharp edge of a silicon mirror coated with multilayers. Both partial beams will then pass variable delay lines. For different photon energies the angle of incidence onto the multilayer mirrors will be adjusted in order to match the Bragg condition. For a photon energy of h = 20 keV a grazing angle of  = 0.57° has to be set, which results in a footprint of the beam () on the mirror of l = 98 mm. At this photon energy the reflectance of a Mo/B 4 C multi layer coating with a multilayer period of d = 3.2 nm and N = 200 layers amounts to R = 0.92. In order to enhance the maximum transmission for photon energies of h = 8 keV and below, a Ni/B 4 C multilayer coating can be applied beside the Mo/B 4 C coating for this spectral region. Because of the different incidence angles, the path lengths of the beams will differ as a function of wavelength. Hence, maximum delays between +/-2.5 ps at h20 keV and up to +/-23 ps at h5 keV will be possible.

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Ionization dynamics in expanding clusters studied by XUV pump–probe spectroscopy

Cited by 41 publications

References 38 publications

Design of an x-ray split- and delay-unit for the European XFEL

Design of an x-ray split- and delay-unit for the European XFEL

A hard x-ray split-and-delay unit for the HED instrument at the European XFEL

A hard x-ray split-and-delay unit for the HED experiment at the European XFEL

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