Ionically crosslinked chitosan/tripolyphosphate nanoparticles for oligonucleotide and plasmid DNA delivery

Development of a gene-activated scaffold platform for tissue engineering applications using chitosan-pDNA nanoparticles on collagen-based scaffolds

“…AFM images revealed that polymeric chitosan (PCS)-pDNA nanoparticles appear homogenous in size with an average diameter of ~190 nm while oligomeric chitosan-(OCS)-pDNA nanoparticles have a less defined shape and a smaller diameter of ~120 nm. The difference in morphology is likely due to the use of a cross-linker (sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP)) in the formulation on PCS-pDNA nanoparticles which causes a controlled ionotropic gelation of the nanoparticles [19,48]. Without TPP PCS-pDNA nanoparticles were in the micron size range and therefore unsuitable for gene delivery [43,47].…”

“…Chitosan is a versatile biomaterial derived from the exoskeleton of many crustaceans which can be used in the formulation of microparticles and nanoparticles suitable for drug delivery [15][16][17][18][19]. The amine groups on the chitosan chain are positively charged and can bind to negatively charged DNA and condense it into positively charged nanoparticles.…”

Cytotoxic and cytostatic side effects of chitosan nanoparticles as a non-viral gene carrier

“…A small reduction was observed in zeta potential according to increasing amount of the pDNA loading. As it was discussed previously, this could be explained by the presence of some negatively charged pDNA on the surface of the nanoparticles (Csaba et al, 2009). The methodology employed here resulted in high encapsulation efficiency of pDNA crosslinked chitosan nanoparticles.…”

“…3, the most pronounced effect was observed for the lowest concentrations of 500:1 CNs-pDNA (inhibition to 60%) and the highest concentration of 300:1 and 100:1 CNs-pDNA (reduction to 54% and 51%, respectively). As particulate carrier, CNs-pDNA containing multiple plasmids were well characterized and their transfection efficiency seems to be cell type-dependent (Corsi et al, 2003;Csaba et al, 2009;Hallaj-Nezhadi et al, 2011;Mao et al, 2001). For example, Csaba et al (2009) showed that CNs-pDNA complexes were uptaken through endocytosis by HEK293 cells and subsequent release into the cytoplasm occurred within 14 h, while high gene expression levels were observed two days after transfection (Csaba et al, 2009).…”

Approaches for Functional Modification or Cross‐Linking of Chitosan

“…The primary amine groups render special properties that make chitosan very useful in pharmaceutical applications. Chitosan's nontoxicity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility make it suitable for various biomedical applications such as in drug delivery [1][2][3][4], gene delivery [5,6], wound dressing [7][8][9][10][11], and tissue engineering [12,13]. Given the wide and diverse range of potential applications, chitosan may be chemically modified so as to maximize the polymer processability, solubility, the antimicrobial activity, and ability to interact with other substances.…”