Ionic Ratios and Crop Performance: II. Effects of Interactions amongst Vanadium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Calcium on Soybean Yield

Abstract

Because vanadium (V) is easily reduced to a cationic form within plant cells, data from resin‐extraction of soil were analysed for evidence of interactions between V and the resin‐extractable concentrations of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) on soybean seed yield. Three varieties, 9091, 9061 and 704, were grown over a 3‐year period in a corn–soybean–wheat rotation. Surface soil samples (0–15 cm) were extracted with ion‐exchange resins, extracts were analysed by inductively coupled plasma methods (ICP), and the results were regressed against seed yield using SAS PROC STEPWISE analysis using forward selection, backward elimination and maximum R2 routines. The seed yield of each variety showed a correlation with a unique set of resin‐extractable concentrations of V, phosphorus (P), Mg and Ca, and the V:(V + P), Mg:(Mg + Ca), Mg:(Mg + 1000 V) and Ca:(Ca + 1000 V) ratios. Variety 9091 was most sensitive to the Mg:(Mg + Ca) ratio. Variety 9061 was most sensitive to extractable V and to the V:(V + P) ratio. Variety 704 was sensitive to extractable P, V and Ca and the Mg:(Mg + 1000 V) ratio. For variety 9091, Mg fertilization (not currently practised) may be an economical practice, whereas P fertilization of 704 may not be economical. Each regression technique varied slightly in identification of important factors in seed yield. Concentrations and ratios of resin‐extractable elements in soil provide insights into optimal genotype selection and possible management alternatives for a given soil.

Interactive effects of vanadium and phosphorus on their uptake, growth and heat shock proteins in chickpea genotypes under hydroponic conditions

“…Moreover it is confirmed that vanadium inhibits and impairs the phosphate metabolizing enzymes like phosphatases, lyases, synthases, ATPases etc. (Ding et al, 1994;Stankiewicz et al, 1995;Olness et al, 2001). The vanadate interferes during metabolic processes involving phosphate in cytoplasm of the cell (Bowman, 1983).…”

“…The vanadate interferes during metabolic processes involving phosphate in cytoplasm of the cell (Bowman, 1983). Vanadium is a potent enzymes inhibitor and can be used to characterize the enzymes involving in phosphate transfer (Olness et al, 2001).…”

“…Therefore, elucidation of the relationship between vanadium and phosphate is important for better understanding and efficient crop production under polluted conditions. Moreover, the interaction between phosphate and vanadium needs careful attention because vanadium had the ability to reduce easily than phosphorus moreover; vanadate and phosphate are chemical analogues and vanadium compounds (oxyaanion/oxonion) can replace the phosphate in nutrient pool (Ding et al, 1994;Stankiewicz et al, 1995;Olness et al, 2001).…”

Resin‐Extractable Phosphorus, Vanadium, Calcium and Magnesium as Factors in Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield

“…The regression analyses showed very different responses of two maize hybrids to the RE chemical environment. The response of hybrid 2292 to increased Mg relative to Ca was similar to the response of a soybean variety to the same molar ratio (Olness et al 2001). It is not clear, however, that the Mg : (Mg + Ca) effect represents a direct interaction of Mg with the plant and it is entirely possible that increased relative Mg concentrations may be enhancing auxiliary rhizosphere biota in both the soybean and maize seed yield results.…”

“…However, H 2 VO À 4 is easily reduced by a variety of reductants to the vanadyl (VO 2+ ) form within the cell and both ions readily coordinate with a number of functional groups (see Crans and Tracey 1998). Internal cellular reduction of H 2 VO À 4 to VO 2+ led us to speculate on the possibility of interactions with calcium (Ca 2+ ) and magnesium (Mg 2+ ) in a set of observations from soybean; an analysis of the data showed a strong seed yield increase as the Mg 2+ : (Mg 2+ + Ca 2+ ) molar ratio increased for an iron-chlorosis resistant variety (Olness et al 2001).…”