Ionic liquids revolutionizing biomedicine: recent advances and emerging opportunities

Abstract

This review highlights the recent advances and emerging opportunities of ionic liquids in biomedicine based on their intrinsic advantages and potentials.

Biocompatible diimidazolium based ionic liquid systems for enhancing the solubility of paclitaxel

“…Due to their water miscibility, ILs can often effectively facilitate the dissolution of drugs in aqueous solutions. 8…”

“…As a promising solvent, the properties of ionic liquids (ILs) can be tuned according to the requirements by changing the anion, cation, and functional groups, which makes them attractive for a variety of applications, such as catalysis, 1,2 electrochemistry, 3 extraction, 4,5 and solvents. 6,7 In recent years, ILs have gained significant attention in the field of biopharmaceuticals, 8 such as stabilizers to improve the stability of biomolecules, 9 drug carriers to increase the drug solubility, 10 therapeutic agents for disease treatment, 11 and components in biosensors and diagnostic platforms. 12,13 ILs have the capacity to interact with the solute and co-solvent molecules, which can disrupt existing association and promote the assimilation of the solute.…”

Development of Cholinium-Based API Ionic Liquids with Enhanced Drug Solubility: Biological Evaluation and Interfacial Properties

“…Some examples are choline/cholinium and phospholipid derivatives as cations and long-chain fatty acids, amino acids, and carboxylic acids as anions. 39 Choline is a vital nutrient for the normal cell growth. 40 The deficiency of choline may cause several abnormalities in adults, such as fatty liver.…”

“…Natural metabolites have been preferable candidates to design biocompatible ILs with a low toxic nature. Some examples are choline/cholinium and phospholipid derivatives as cations and long-chain fatty acids, amino acids, and carboxylic acids as anions . Choline is a vital nutrient for the normal cell growth .…”

Bulk Nanostructure of Mixtures of Choline Arginate, Choline Lysinate, and Water

“…Ionic liquids (ILs) are pure salts with melting points of less than 100 °C. ILs are tunable and have negligible vapor pressures, low flammability, and high thermal stabilities, making them safer alternatives to conventional molecular solvents. , As a result, ILs have gained attention for a variety of applications such as lignocellulosic biomass processing, , crude oil dispersion, polymer dissolution, , CO 2 capture, synthesis and catalysis, biomedicine and drug delivery systems, , and electrolytes in charge storage devices. , However, conventional ILs are typically nonbiodegradable, toxic, and expensive due to their imidazolium, pyridinium, and fluorinated groups . Choline amino acid ionic liquids (ChAAILs) are greener alternatives to conventional ILs.…”