Ionic liquids-modified cellulose coated magnetic nanoparticles for enzyme immobilization: Improvement of catalytic performance

The rise of continuous flow biocatalysis – fundamentals, very recent developments and future perspectives

“…Several IL-carrier-fusions have been evaluated in the last years and, among them, the most promising ones are based on protonic ILs with either silica supports (see also Table 2, entry 3 and Table 3, entry 5), 110 or magnetic carboxymethyl cellulose nanoparticles. 156 The results obtained being applied to both lipases and laccases showed a higher protein loading on the support and a higher activity than for both free and immobilized enzymes in the absence of ILs. It has been shown that ILs lead to an increase in the material surface area and pore volume size facilitating the covalent immobilization of the enzyme.…”

“…155 In contrast to organic solvents, ILs can be considered ecofriendly solvents thanks to their non-volatility and nonflammability. [156][157][158][159] Overrating should nevertheless be avoided: the synthesis of some ILs can be very tedious and resource intensive, yet generalization is not possible and their potential should be further explored. 160 The main advantage is that all these above-mentioned properties of ILs can be fine-tuned by carefully selecting the most appropriate combination of cations and anions according to the desired purpose.…”

“…155 In addition, an interface activation promoted by ILs have been observed. 110,156,168 Finally, it should be emphasized that ILs Fig. 10 Overview of commonly used bisepoxides for covalent binding in enzyme immobilization.…”

“…enable the creation of a microenvironment protecting the biocatalysts from denaturation by chemicals such as urea. 156 4.3.3 Self-sufficient heterogeneous biocatalysts. One of the main challenges for the implementation of biocatalytic processes in industry is the use of expensive cofactors such as pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [phosphate] (NAD[P](H)).…”

Synthesis of substituted 2H‐chromenes catalyzed by lipase immobilized on magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes

“…Immobilization of enzymes can enhance catalytic performance, stability, and recyclability [15‐17]. To date, nanomaterials can be utilized as excellent supporting materials for enzyme immobilization due to the inherently large surface area, which induces high enzyme loading and catalytic performance [18‐20]. Recently, magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes (M‐MWNTs) have been successfully used for enzyme immobilization [21].…”